Bayan Fage: Yadda Ake Kera Magnets Na Neodymium Masu Siffa U

A cikin masana'antu inda ƙarfin maganadisu, mayar da hankali kan alkibla, da ƙirar da ba a iya yin sulhuntawa ba,maganadisu na neodymium mai siffar USuna tsayawa a matsayin jarumai marasa suna. Amma ta yaya aka haifi waɗannan maganadisu masu ƙarfi, masu siffofi na musamman? Tafiya daga foda mai ɗanɗano zuwa ga ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfin maganadisu wani aiki ne na kimiyyar kayan aiki, injiniyanci mai matuƙar ƙarfi, da kuma kula da inganci mai kyau. Bari mu shiga cikin masana'antar.

Kayan Aiki: Gidauniyar

Duk yana farawa da "NdFeB" triad:

• Neodymium (Nd): Tauraron abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba a duniya, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarfin maganadisu mara misaltuwa.
• Baƙin ƙarfe (Fe): Kashin bayan tsarin.
• Boron (B): Mai daidaita yanayi, yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki (juriya ga rushewar yanayi).

Ana haɗa waɗannan abubuwan, a narke su, sannan a sanyaya su da sauri su zama ƙuraje, sannan a niƙa su zuwa foda mai laushi, mai girman micron. Abu mafi mahimmanci, foda dole ne ya kasance ba shi da iskar oxygen (an sarrafa shi a cikin iskar gas/vacuum mara aiki) don hana iskar shaka da ke gurgunta aikin maganadisu.

---

Mataki na 1: Matsi - Siffanta Makomar

Ana loda foda a cikin molds. Ga maganadisu masu siffar U, hanyoyi biyu masu matsi sun mamaye:

1. Matsi na Isostatic:
   • An lulluɓe foda a cikin wani nau'in mold mai sassauƙa.
   • Yana fuskantar matsin lamba mai yawa (10,000+ PSI) daga kowane bangare.
   • Yana samar da guraben da suka yi kama da na net tare da daidaiton yawa da kuma daidaitawar maganadisu.
2. Matsewar Juyawa:
   • Filin maganadisu yana daidaita barbashia lokacinmatsi.
   • Yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka samfurin makamashin magnet(BH)maxtare da sandunan U.

Me yasa yake da muhimmanci: Daidaita barbashi yana ƙayyade ƙarfin maganadisu na alkibla—magnet U da ba daidai ba yana rasa inganci fiye da kashi 30%.

---

Mataki na 2: Yin Sintering - "Wutar Haɗaka"

Sassan da aka matse "kore" suna shiga cikin tanderun injin tsabtace iska:

• Ana dumama shi zuwa ≈1080°C (kusa da wurin narkewa) na tsawon awanni.
• Barbashi suna haɗuwa cikin wani tsari mai yawa, mai ƙarfi.
• Makullan sanyaya a hankali a cikin tsarin lu'ulu'u.

Kalubalen: Siffar U tana da saurin karkacewa saboda rashin daidaiton rarrabawar taro. Tsarin kayan aiki da kuma daidaiton lanƙwasa zafin jiki suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton girma.

---

Mataki na 3: Injin - Daidaito a Kowane Lanƙwasa

Sintered NdFeB yana da rauni (kamar yumbu). Siffanta U yana buƙatar ƙwarewar kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u:

• Niƙa: Tayoyin da aka lu'u-lu'u suna yanke lanƙwasa ta ciki da ƙafafun waje zuwa jurewa na ±0.05 mm.
• Waya EDM: Ga masu rikitarwa na U-profiles, wayar da aka caji tana tururi kayan da daidaiton micron.
• Chamfering: Ana sassauta dukkan gefuna don hana guntuwa da kuma tattara kwararar maganadisu.

Gaskiya mai daɗi: Lalacewar niƙa ta NdFeB tana da sauƙin kamawa! Tsarin sanyaya yana hana tartsatsin wuta da kama barbashi don sake amfani da su.

---

Mataki na 4: Lankwasawa - Lokacin da Magnets suka haɗu da Origami

Madadin hanya don manyan maganadisu na U:

1. An yi wa tubalan murabba'i siminti sannan a niƙa su.
2. Ana dumama shi zuwa ≈200°C (ƙasa da zafin Curie).
3. An lanƙwasa shi cikin ruwa zuwa "U" a kan ma'aunin daidaito.

Fasaha: Da sauri sosai = tsagewa. Sanyi sosai = karyewa. Zafin jiki, matsin lamba, da kuma radius na lanƙwasa dole ne su daidaita don guje wa ƙananan karaya waɗanda ke raunana maganadisu.

---

Mataki na 5: Rufi - Sulke

Bare NdFeB yana lalacewa da sauri. Ba za a iya yin sulhu a kan shafa ba:

• Electroplating: Nikel-copper-nickel (Ni-Cu-Ni) yadudduka uku suna ba da juriya mai ƙarfi ga tsatsa.
• Epoxy/Parylene: Don amfani da magani/muhalli inda aka haramta amfani da ions na ƙarfe.
• Na musamman: Zinare (na'urorin lantarki), Zinc (mai sauƙin amfani).

Kalubalen U-Shape: Shafa lanƙwasa mai matsewa a cikin daidai gwargwado yana buƙatar takamaiman rufin ganga ko tsarin fesawa na robot.

---

Mataki na 6: Magnetization - "Farkawa"

Magnet ɗin yana ƙara ƙarfinsa na ƙarshe, yana guje wa lalacewa yayin sarrafawa:

• An sanya shi tsakanin manyan na'urori masu sarrafa capacitor.
• An yi amfani da filin bugun jini mai ƙarfi > 30,000 Oe (Tesla 3) don milliseconds.
• An saita alkiblar filin a tsaye zuwa ga tushen U, yana daidaita sandunan a kan ƙarshen.

Babban bambanci: Magnets na U galibi suna buƙatar maganadisu mai sanduna da yawa (misali, sandunan da ke jujjuyawa a fuskar ciki) don amfani da firikwensin/mota.

---

Mataki na 7: Kula da Inganci - Bayan Ma'aunin Gauss

Kowace U-magnet tana fuskantar gwaji mara tausayi:

1. Na'urar auna iska/ma'aunin zafi: Tana auna yanayin saman ƙasa da yawan kwararar ruwa.
2. Injin Auna Daidaito (CMM): Yana tabbatar da daidaiton girma na matakin micron.
3. Gwajin Fesa Gishiri: Yana tabbatar da dorewar shafi (misali, juriyar sa'o'i 48-500+).
4. Gwaje-gwajen Jawo: Don riƙe maganadisu, yana tabbatar da ƙarfin mannewa.
5. Binciken Lanƙwasa na Rufe Magnetization: Yana Tabbatar da (BH)max, Hci, da HcJ.

Lalacewa? Ko da karkacewa kashi 2% yana nufin ƙin yarda. Siffofi masu siffar U suna buƙatar kammalawa.

---

Dalilin da yasa U-Shape ke buƙatar ƙwarewar sana'a mai kyau

1. Mayar da Hankali Kan Damuwa: Lanƙwasawa da kusurwoyi haɗari ne na karyewar tsoka.
2. Ingancin Hanyar Flux: Siffofi marasa daidaituwa suna ƙara girman kurakuran daidaitawa.
3. Daidaiton Rufi: Lanƙwasa na ciki yana kama kumfa ko siraran ɗigo.

"Kera U-magnet ba wai kawai yana siffanta abu ba ne - ammashiryawakimiyyar lissafi.
— Babban Injiniyan Tsari, Masana'antar Magnet

---

Kammalawa: Inda Injiniya Ya Haɗu da Fasaha

Lokaci na gaba da za ka ga maganadisu mai siffar U yana makale a cikin injin mai saurin gudu, yana tsarkake karafa da aka sake yin amfani da su, ko kuma yana ba da damar samun ci gaba a fannin likitanci, ka tuna: kyakkyawan lanƙwasa yana ɓoye wani labari game da daidaita atomic, zafi mai tsanani, daidaiton lu'u-lu'u, da kuma tabbatarwa akai-akai. Wannan ba wai kawai ƙera kayayyaki ba ne—nasarar kimiyya ce mai natsuwa da ke tura iyakokin masana'antu.

Kuna sha'awar maganadisu na musamman na U-shaped?Raba bayananka - za mu yi muku jagora kan yadda ake kera na'urorin.