Yaya Ake Auna Ƙarfin Magnet?

Magnets abubuwa ne masu ban sha'awa tsawon ƙarni da yawa, suna jan hankalin masana kimiyya da masu sha'awar su da ikonsu na ɓoye na jawo wasu abubuwa. Daga allurar kamfas da ke jagorantar masu bincike na dā zuwa hanyoyin zamani masu rikitarwa, maganadisu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarmu. Amma ta yaya za mu auna ƙarfin waɗannanfilayen maganadisuTa yaya za mu auna ƙarfin maganadisu? Bari mu zurfafa cikin hanyoyi da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don auna ƙarfin maganadisu.

Ƙarfin Filin Magnetic

Ƙarfin maganadisu yana da tushe ta hanyar filin maganadisu, yankin da ke kewaye da maganadisu inda ake jin tasirinsa. Wannan filin yana wakiltar layukan ƙarfi, waɗanda suka miƙe daga sandar arewa ta maganadisu zuwa sandar kudu. Girman yawan waɗannan layukan, haka nan ƙarfin filin maganadisu yake ƙaruwa.

Gauss da Tesla: Raka'o'in aunawa

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin filin maganadisu, masana kimiyya suna amfani da manyan raka'o'i biyu na aunawa: Gauss da Tesla.

Gauss (G): An sanya wa wannan na'urar suna bayan masanin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi na Jamus Carl Friedrich Gauss, kuma tana auna yawan kwararar maganadisu ko kuma induction na maganadisu. Gauss ɗaya daidai yake da Maxwell ɗaya a kowace murabba'in santimita. Duk da haka, saboda ƙaramin girman Gauss, musamman a cikin yanayin zamani, masana kimiyya galibi suna amfani da Tesla don ƙarfafa filayen maganadisu.

Tesla (T): An sanya wa wannan na'urar suna don girmama mai ƙirƙira kuma injiniyan lantarki na ƙasar Serbia-Amurka Nikola Tesla, kuma tana wakiltar yawan kwararar maganadisu idan aka kwatanta da Gauss. Ɗaya daga cikin Tesla yana daidai da Gauss 10,000, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama na'urar da ta fi dacewa don auna filayen maganadisu masu ƙarfi, kamar waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar maganadisu masu ƙarfi da ake amfani da su a binciken kimiyya ko aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

Na'urorin auna maganadisu

Magnetometers kayan aiki ne da aka tsara don auna ƙarfi da alkiblar filayen maganadisu. Waɗannan na'urori suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, tun daga kamfas masu sauƙi na hannu zuwa kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje masu inganci. Ga wasu nau'ikan magnetometers da aka saba amfani da su don auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu:

1. Na'urorin auna maganadisu na Fluxgate: Waɗannan na'urorin auna maganadisu suna amfani da ƙa'idodin shigar da maganadisu ta hanyar lantarki don auna canje-canje a cikin filayen maganadisu. Sun ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyin maganadisu da ke kewaye da na'urorin waya. Lokacin da aka fallasa su ga filin maganadisu, ƙwayoyin za su zama masu maganadisu, suna haifar da siginar lantarki a cikin na'urorin, wanda za a iya aunawa da daidaita shi don tantance ƙarfin filin maganadisu.

2. Na'urorin auna maganadisu na tasirin zauren: Na'urorin auna ƙarfin lantarki na Hall sun dogara ne akan tasirin Hall, wanda ke bayyana samar da bambancin ƙarfin lantarki (ƙarfin Hall) a kan mai sarrafa wutar lantarki lokacin da aka sanya shi a filin maganadisu a tsaye zuwa ga kwararar wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar auna wannan ƙarfin lantarki, na'urorin auna ƙarfin lantarki na Hall na iya tantance ƙarfin filin maganadisu.

3. Na'urorin auna maganadisu na SQUID: Na'urar Magnetometers ta Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) suna daga cikin na'urorin Magnetometers mafi saurin amsawa da ake da su. Suna aiki ne bisa ga halayen kwantum na superconductors, wanda ke ba su damar gano filayen maganadisu masu rauni sosai, har zuwa matakin femtoteslas (10^-15 Tesla).

Daidaitawa da Daidaitawa

Domin tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni, dole ne a daidaita na'urorin magnetometer yadda ya kamata kuma a daidaita su. Daidaitawa ya ƙunshi kwatanta fitowar na'urar magnetometer da ƙarfin filin maganadisu da aka sani don kafa alaƙar layi tsakanin karatun kayan aikin da ainihin ƙimar filin maganadisu. Daidaitawa yana tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin da aka ɗauka da na'urori magnetometer daban-daban sun yi daidai kuma sun yi kama da juna.

Amfani da Magnetometry

Ikon auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu daidai yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a fannoni daban-daban:

Geophysics: Ana amfani da na'urorin auna maganadisu don nazarin filin maganadisu na Duniya, wanda ke ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da tsari da abun da ke cikin duniyar.

Kewaya: Kamfas, wani nau'in magnetometer, sun kasance kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don kewayawa tun zamanin da, suna taimaka wa matuƙan jirgin ruwa da masu bincike su sami hanyarsu ta cikin manyan tekuna.

Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki: Ana amfani da Magnetometry don kwatantawakayan maganadisuda kuma nazarin halayensu, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don haɓaka fasahohi kamar na'urorin adana maganadisu da na'urorin daukar hoton maganadisu (MRI).

Binciken Sararin Samaniya: Ana amfani da na'urorin auna maganadisu a kan sararin samaniya don nazarin filayen maganadisu na halittun sama, suna ba da haske game da abubuwan da suka ƙunsa da tarihin ƙasa.

Kammalawa

Ma'aunin ƙarfin filin maganadisu yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen maganadisu da aikace-aikacensu a fannoni daban-daban. Ta hanyar na'urori kamar Gauss da Tesla da kayan aiki kamar magnetometers, masana kimiyya za su iya auna ƙarfin filayen maganadisu daidai, suna share hanyar ci gaba a fasaha, bincike, da bincike na kimiyya. Yayin da fahimtarmu game da maganadisu ke ci gaba da zurfafa, haka nan ikonmu na amfani da ƙarfinsa don amfanin ɗan adam.