Pehea e ana ʻia ai ka ikaika o ka Magnet?

He mau mea hoihoi nā makeneka no nā kenekulia, e hoʻopio ana i nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hoihoi me ko lākou hiki ke huki i kekahi mau mea. Mai nā nila panana e alakaʻi ana i nā mea ʻimi kahiko a hiki i nā ʻano hana paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana hou, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā makeneka i nā ʻano like ʻole o ko kākou ola. Akā pehea mākou e ana ai i ka ikaika o kēia mau meanā kahua makenekaPehea mākou e ana ai i ka ikaika o nā magnet? E ʻeli kākou i loko o nā ʻano hana a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka ikaika o kahi magnet.

Ka ikaika o ke kahua makeneka

Hoʻoholo nui ʻia ka ikaika o kahi magnet e kona kahua magnetic, ʻo ia ka wahi a puni ka magnet kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kona mana. Hōʻike ʻia kēia kahua e nā laina o ka ikaika, e hoʻolōʻihi ana mai ka pou ʻākau o ka magnet a i kona pou hema. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o kēia mau laina, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

ʻO Gauss lāua ʻo Tesla: Nā Anakahi Ana

No ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o kahi kahua magnetic, hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ʻelua mau anakahi nui o ke ana: Gauss lāua ʻo Tesla.

Gauss (G): Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka makemakika a me ke kanaka physicist Kelemania ʻo Carl Friedrich Gauss, ana kēia anakahi i ka nui o ka flux magnetic a i ʻole ka induction magnetic. Hoʻokahi Gauss e like me hoʻokahi Maxwell no kenimika kuea. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o Gauss, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pōʻaiapili hou, hoʻohana pinepine nā kānaka ʻepekema iā Tesla no nā kahua magnetic ikaika.

Tesla (T)Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Nikola Tesla, ka mea hana Serbian-ʻAmelika, he ʻenekinia uila, a he anakahi kēia e hōʻike ana i kahi nui o ka nui o ka magnetic flux i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Gauss. Hoʻokahi Tesla e like me 10,000 Gauss, e lilo ia i anakahi kūpono no ke ana ʻana i nā kahua magnetic ikaika, e like me nā mea i hana ʻia e nā magnet ikaika i hoʻohana ʻia i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​noi ʻoihana.

Nā Magnetometer

He mau mea hana nā Magnetometer i hoʻolālā ʻia e ana i ka ikaika a me ke kuhikuhi o nā kahua magnetic. Loaʻa kēia mau mea hana i nā ʻano like ʻole, mai nā compasses lima maʻalahi a hiki i nā lako hana hoʻokolohua paʻakikī. Eia kekahi mau ʻano magnetometer maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic:

1. Nā Magnetometer FluxgateHoʻohana kēia mau magnetometers i nā kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokomo electromagnetic e ana i nā loli i nā kahua magnetic. Loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻōpū magnetic i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā wili uea. Ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi kahua magnetic, lilo nā ʻōpū i magnetized, e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hōʻailona uila i loko o nā wili, hiki ke ana ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

2. Nā Magnetometers Hopena Hall: Hilinaʻi nā magnetometer hopena Hall i ka hopena Hall, ka mea e wehewehe ana i ka hana ʻana o kahi ʻokoʻa voltage (Hall voltage) ma waena o kahi alakaʻi uila ke kau ʻia i kahi kahua magnetic e kū pono ana i ke kahe o ke au. Ma ke ana ʻana i kēia voltage, hiki i nā magnetometer hopena Hall ke hoʻoholo i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

3. Nā Magnetometer SQUIDʻO nā magnetometer Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) kekahi o nā magnetometer koʻikoʻi loa i loaʻa. Hana lākou ma muli o nā waiwai quantum o nā superconductors, e ʻae ana iā lākou e ʻike i nā kahua magnetic nāwaliwali loa, a hiki i ka pae o femtoteslas (10^-15 Tesla).

Ka hoʻoponopono a me ke kūlana

I mea e hōʻoia ai i nā ana pololei, pono e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia a hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā magnetometer. Pili ka calibration i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hopena o ka magnetometer me nā ikaika o ke kahua magnetic i ʻike ʻia e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina linear ma waena o nā heluhelu o ka mea kani a me nā waiwai kahua magnetic maoli. Hōʻoia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ana i lawe ʻia me nā magnetometer like ʻole he kūlike a hoʻohālikelike ʻia.

Nā noi o ka Magnetometry

ʻO ka hiki ke ana pololei i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic he nui nā noi ma nā ʻano like ʻole:

ʻO GeophysicsHoʻohana ʻia nā Magnetometers e aʻo i ke kahua magnetic o ka Honua, ka mea e hāʻawi i ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka haku mele ʻana o loko o ka honua.

HoʻokeleʻO nā compasses, kahi ʻano magnetometer, he mau mea hana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokele ʻana mai ka wā kahiko, e kōkua ana i nā luina a me nā mea ʻimi honua e ʻike i ko lākou ala ma nā moana nui.

ʻEpekema Mea HanaHoʻohana ʻia ka Magnetometry e wehewehe i ke ʻanonā mea makenekaa e aʻo i ko lākou mau waiwai, he mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me nā mea mālama magnetic a me nā mīkini magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Ka ʻImi ʻAna i ka LewaHoʻolaha ʻia nā Magnetometers ma nā mokulele mokulele e aʻo i nā kahua magnetic o nā kino lani, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike i ko lākou haku mele a me ka mōʻaukala honua.

Hopena

He mea nui ke ana ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā magnet a me kā lākou noi ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma o nā ʻāpana e like me Gauss lāua ʻo Tesla a me nā mea hana e like me magnetometers, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke helu pololei i ka ikaika o nā kahua magnetic, e hoʻomākaukau ana i ke ala no ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana, ka ʻimi ʻana, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. I ka hoʻomau ʻana o ko mākou ʻike i ka magnetism e hohonu, pēlā nō hoʻi ko mākou hiki ke hoʻohana i kona mana no ka pono o ke kanaka.