Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov khoom thiab cov cheeb tsam siv ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium. Cov hlau nplaum neodymium yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam. Tsab xov xwm no yuav xub qhia txog cov ntsiab cai yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium, thiab tham txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv, kev sib piv thiab cov txheej txheem sintering rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem sim, peb yuav tsom mus rau qhov twg neodymium hlau nplaum muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tseem yuav tham txog cov qauv kev txhim kho tshiab thiab kev nce qib ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium kom tos ntsoov rau kev coj ua ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium yav tom ntej. Los ntawm kev nyeem tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav nkag siab ntau ntxiv txog qhov zoo thiab kev siv tau ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium.

Ⅰ. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb ntawmcov hlau nplaum neodymium loj tshaj plaws

A. Kev Sib xyaw thiab Cov Qauv ntawm Neodymium Magnets

1. Cov hlau nplaum neodymium yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj neodymium (Nd) thiab hlau (Fe), thiab lwm yam khoom pabcuam xws li boron (B) thiab oxygen (O). Qhov sib piv thiab sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no muaj feem cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium.

2. Cov hlau nplaum neodymium feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy, ua ntej cov hmoov ntsiab lus tau sib xyaw thiab nias rau hauv cov duab xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hmoov tau sintered rau hauv cov khoom khov kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem sintering.

3. Cov qauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium tuaj yeem ua thaiv, lub tog raj kheej, lub nplhaib, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov duab tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm daim teb thov.

B. Cov Khoom Siv Sib Nqus ntawm Neodymium Magnets

1. Khoom siv hluav taws xob siab:

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab heev, ua rau lawv siv dav hauv cov teb xws li lub cev muaj zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub cim xeeb sib nqus. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab dua txhais tau tias cov hlau nplaum neodymium tuaj yeem tsim cov teb sib nqus muaj zog dua thiab khaws cia ntau lub zog.

2. Kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev ua siab loj:

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium muaj kev rov ua dua siab thiab kev coercivity siab, txhais tau tias lawv khaws cia lub zog magnetization tom qab lub zog magnetic sab nraud raug tshem tawm. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau nplaum neodymium tsim cov zog magnetic ruaj khov hauv cov motors hluav taws xob thiab cov generators.

3. Kev ruaj khov zoo ntawm thermal:

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium muaj kev ruaj khov zoo thaum tshav kub thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom sib nqus zoo ntawm qhov kub siab. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau nplaum neodymium muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv hauv qhov chaw kub siab, xws li tsheb fais fab, cov tshuab hluav taws xob cua, thiab lwm yam.

4. Kev sib nqus induction siab heev:

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium muaj qhov siab saturation magnetic induction, uas txhais tau tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsim lub zog magnetic siab hauv qhov me me. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau nplaum neodymium siv tau rau hauv cov khoom siv me me thiab cov motors me me. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov qauv ntawmcov hlau nplaum nyias nyias neodymium, nrog rau lawv cov khoom sib nqus, peb tuaj yeem siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm neodymium hlau nplaum zoo dua thiab ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua hauv cov teb sib txawv.

Ⅱ.Yog li, hom neodymium magnet twg yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws

A. Kev sib piv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab cov hom hlau nplaum:

1. NdFeB hlau nplaum (NdFeB):

NdFeB hlau nplaum yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov muaj zog tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab heev thiab kev sib nqus induction. Lawv siv dav hauv cov motors, generators, magnetic memory thiab lwm yam teb.

2. Barium ferrite magnet (BaFe12O19):

Hlau nplaum barium ferrite yog cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tas mus li uas muaj kev rov ua dua siab thiab lub zog coercive. Txawm hais tias nws cov khoom siv zog tsawg, nws tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qee qhov kev siv, xws li cov neeg hais lus, cov nres hlau nplaum, thiab lwm yam.

3. Cobalt neodymium hlau nplaum (CoNd₂):

Cobalt neodymium hlau nplaum yog ib qho hlau hloov pauv tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb nrog cov khoom sib nqus zoo heev. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog coercive siab thiab thermal stability, tsim nyog siv rau hauv qhov chaw kub siab, thiab tsis yooj yim rau corrode.

B. Piv txwv kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sib piv:

1. Kev sib piv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm hlau nplaum:

Los ntawm kev sim cov kev ntsuas xws li cov khoom siv zog, kev rov ua dua, lub zog yuam thiab kev sib nqus induction ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium sib txawv, kev sib piv kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav. Piv cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm NdFeB hlau nplaum, Barium Ferrite hlau nplaum thiab Cobalt Neodymium hlau nplaum, thiab ntsuas lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw siv.

2. Kev sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thov:

xaiv ntau qhov kev siv ib txwm muaj, xws li lub cev muaj zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov chaw cia khoom sib nqus, thiab lwm yam, siv cov khoom siv sib nqus neodymium sib txawv, thiab ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas sib piv. Piv lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tso zis hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv tib qho xwm txheej.

3. Kev sib piv ntawm tus nqi thiab cov txiaj ntsig:

Xav txog cov yam xws li tus nqi khoom siv thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua, soj ntsuam qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum neodymium sib txawv. Piv lawv cov kev ua tau zoo piv rau qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi kom txiav txim siab seb hom hlau nplaum neodymium zoo tshaj plaws rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov piv txwv, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium sib txawv tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua, thiab kev taw qhia tuaj yeem muab rau kev xaiv cov hlau nplaum neodymium tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

Ⅲ. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium

A. Neodymium hlau boron hlau nplaum (NdFeB) yog ib qho khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov tseem ceeb nrog cov yam ntxwv kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov zoo hauv qab no:

1. Khoom siv hluav taws xob siab:

Lub zog sib nqus ntawm NdFeB hlau nplaum yog siab heev, uas tsis muaj lwm hom hlau nplaum sib piv. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem tsim lub zog sib nqus muaj zog dua rau tib qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav.

2. Lub zog quab yuam siab:

Cov hlau nplaum NdFeB muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog sib nqus thiab lub zog coercive siab. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom sib nqus ruaj khov txawm tias nyob hauv qab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teb sib nqus sab nraud.

3. Kev ruaj khov kub muaj zog:

Cov hlau nplaum NdFeB tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom sib nqus zoo hauv qhov chaw kub siab. Nws muaj qhov coefficient kub qis dua thiab tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov kub thiab txias dav dua.

4. Cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg sib txawv:

NdFeB hlau nplaum tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauvntau yam duabthiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv, muab kev ywj pheej tsim qauv ntau dua.

B. Cov kev cia siab yav tom ntej ntawm cov hlau nplaum neodymium feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. Txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus thiab lub zog yuam:

Kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho tas mus li ntawm NdFeB cov hlau nplaum yuav ua rau lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus thiab lub zog quab yuam nce ntxiv, ua rau lawv ua lub luag haujlwm hauv ntau yam kev siv.

2. Txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm thermal:

Cov hlau nplaum neodymium feem ntau yuav poob qhov magnetism thiab kev ua haujlwm magnetic attenuation ntawm qhov kub siab. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yog los txhim kho lawv qhov thermal stability kom lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho rau qhov chaw kub siab dua.

3. Txo kev siv cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj:

Cov hlau nplaum NdFeB siv ntau cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj, thiab kev sau thiab kho cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nrhiav lwm cov ntaub ntawv lossis txhim kho kev siv cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj kom ua tiav kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov dua.

4. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov teb thov:

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov xav tau, NdFeB hlau nplaum yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, xws li tsheb fais fab, cua zog tsim hluav taws xob, tub yees hlau nplaum, thiab lwm yam.

5. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus:

Lub qauv kev loj hlob yav tom ntej yog kev sib koom ua ke cov hlau nplaum neodymium nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv los txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab ua tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau nyuaj.

Hauv ntej, kev txhim kho cov hlau nplaum neodymium yav tom ntej yuav tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus, lub zog yuam thiab kev ruaj khov thermal, thiab nthuav nws cov teb thov kom ua tiav cov ntawv thov dav dua thiab kev txhim kho ruaj khov dua.

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