Izinselele kanye Namathuba Abaphakeli Be-Neodymium Magnet eShayina

I-China ibusa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamagnethi we-neodymium emhlabeni wonke, ihlinzeka ngezinto ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ezifana nezimoto, i-elekthronikhi kanye namandla avuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, yize lobu buholi buletha izinzuzo, buphinde buveze izinselele ezinkulu kubahlinzeki baseShayina. Kule bhulogi, sihlola izithiyo namathuba abhekene nabahlinzeki bamagnethi be-neodymium baseShayina.

 

1. Izingcindezi Zesidingo Somhlaba Wonke kanye Nochungechunge Lokuphakelwa

 

Izinselele:

Ukwanda kwesidingo somhlaba wonke sama-magnets e-neodymium, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi (i-EV) kanye nemikhakha yamandla avuselelekayo, kubeke ingcindezi enkulu eketangeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-neodymium laseShayina. Njengoba izimboni zomhlaba wonke zifuna abahlinzeki abathembekile, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokuthola umthombo ozinzile wezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile njenge-neodymium, i-dysprosium kanye ne-praseodymium.

 

Amathuba:

Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, iShayina inenzuzo enkulu. Imakethe ye-EV ekhulayo kanye nemikhakha yamandla avuselelekayo inikeza abahlinzeki baseShayina amathuba abalulekile okuqinisa isikhundla sabo ngokwandisa umkhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke.

 

2. Izinkinga Zemvelo Nokuzinza

 

Izinselele:

Ukumbiwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile kubalulekile ekwenzeni omaginethi be-neodymium, kodwa kuvame ukuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo. I-China igxekwe ngomthelela wezemvelo wemisebenzi yayo yokumbiwa komhlaba ongavamile, okuholela emithethweni eqinile yezinqubo zokumbiwa kanye nokukhiqiza. Lezi zinguquko zomthetho zinganciphisa ukuphakelwa futhi zandise izindleko.

 

Amathuba:

Ukugxila okukhulayo ekusimeni okuzinzile kunikeza abahlinzeki baseShayina ithuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha nokwamukela imikhuba yokulondoloza imvelo. Ngokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile kanye nemizamo yokuvuselela kabusha, abakwazi nje kuphela ukunciphisa izingozi zemvelo kodwa futhi bathuthukise idumela labo lomhlaba wonke. Izinkampani ezizibeka njengabaholi ekucutshungulweni komhlaba ongavamile okusimeme zingathola inzuzo yokuncintisana.

 

3. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha

 

Izinselele:

Ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe yamagnethi ye-neodymium, kudingeka ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo. Amamagnethi endabuko e-neodymium abhekene nemikhawulo efana nokubuthakathaka kanye nokuzwela izinga lokushisa. Abahlinzeki kumele batshale imali ku-R&D ukuze banqobe lezi zinselele zobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi njengoba imboni iphokophela ukuthola amamagnethi aqinile futhi angamelani nokushisa.

 

Amathuba:

Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okwandisiwe ku-R&D, abahlinzeki baseShayina banethuba lokuhola ekuqhubekiseleni phambili intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuma-magnet. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nama-magnet e-neodymium amelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kwama-magnet kuvule amathuba amasha, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezindiza, amarobhothi, namadivayisi ezokwelapha. Lokhu kungaholela emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi engcono kanye nenzuzo ephezulu.

 

4. Ukungezwani Kwezepolitiki Nemingcele Yezohwebo

 

Izinselele:

Ukungezwani kwezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweShayina namanye amazwe omhlaba, kuholele ekuvinjelweni kwezohwebo kanye nentela yezimpahla ezenziwe eShayina. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi ahlola izindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela kwawo kubaphakeli baseShayina, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo njenge-neodymium.

 

Amathuba:

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, iShayina isalokhu iyisidlali esibalulekile ngemithombo yayo eminingi yenhlabathi engavamile kanye namakhono okukhiqiza. Abahlinzeki baseShayina bangazivumelanisa nezimo ngokushintshashintsha isisekelo samakhasimende abo nokuthola izimakethe ezintsha e-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America. Bangasebenza futhi nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze benze umkhiqizo ube ngowasendaweni, basize ekugwemeni eminye imikhawulo yokuhweba.

 

5. Ukuguquguquka Kwentengo Nokuncintisana Kwemakethe

 

Izinselele:

Ukuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kungadala ukungaqiniseki kwabaphakeli be-neodymium magnet. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinto zingaphansi kwamandla emakethe yomhlaba wonke, amanani angakhuphuka ngenxa yokushoda kokunikezwa noma ukwanda kwesidingo, okuthinta inzuzo.

 

Amathuba:

Abahlinzeki baseShayina banganciphisa umthelela wokuguquguquka kwentengo ngokutshala imali ekuqineni kwe-supply chain kanye nokusayina izinkontileka zesikhathi eside nabavukuzi bomhlaba ongavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungabizi kakhulu kungasiza ekugcineni ukuncintisana kwentengo. Ngokugxila emhlabeni wonke kumandla ahlanzekile kanye nogesi, lokhu kukhula kwemakethe kungazinzisa isidingo kanye nemithombo yemali engenayo.

 

6. Gxila ekhwalithini kanye nesitifiketi

 

Izinselele:

Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe badinga kakhulu omaginethi abahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile kanye nezitifiketi, njengokuhambisana ne-ISO noma i-RoHS. Abahlinzeki abangahlangabezani nalezi zindinganiso bangase babe nobunzima bokuheha amakhasimende omhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi labo abasezimbonini zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezimoto kanye nezindiza.

 

Amathuba:

Abahlinzeki baseShayina abagxile ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zesitifiketi somhlaba wonke bazoba sesimweni esingcono sokuthola isabelo semakethe esikhulu. Ukwakha izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqinile kanye nezinhlelo zesitifiketi kungasiza abahlinzeki ukuthi bathole ukwethenjwa ngamakhasimende aphesheya, okwakha ubudlelwano besikhathi eside.

 

Isiphetho

Nakuba abahlinzeki bamagnethi e-neodymium eShayina bebhekene nezinselelo ezivela ezinkingeni zemvelo, ukuguquguquka kwamanani, kanye nokungezwani kwezepolitiki, basesimweni esihle sokusizakala ngesidingo somhlaba wonke salezi zingxenye ezibalulekile. Ngokutshala imali ekusimeni, emisha, kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi, abahlinzeki baseShayina bangaqhubeka nokuhola imakethe, noma ngabe ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke kuya kukhula. Njengoba izimboni ezifana nezimoto zikagesi kanye namandla avuselelekayo zikhula, amathuba okukhula maningi, uma nje abahlinzeki bengakwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo ezizayo.