Demystifying Strong Magnets

Yini Empeleni Enikeza Imagnethi Ukusebenza Kwayo Okuqinile?

Uma ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bebiza uzibuthe ngokuthi “uqinile,” abavamile ukumiswa enombolweni eyodwa ehlukanisiwe eshidini elithile. Amandla kazibuthe wangempela avela ekusebenzelaneni kwezakhiwo eziningi ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela—futhi yile ngxube ehlukanisa ukusebenza kwethiyori nokusebenza kahle ongathembela kukho ekusebenzeni.

Izinto ezimbalwa ezixhumene zinquma ukusebenza kwangempela kazibuthe:

Okokuqala i-remanence (Br), elinganisa ukuguquguquka kazibuthe imagnethi ayigcinayo uma isikhishiwe endaweni yayo eyenza uzibuthe. Kucabange “njengesisekelo sokunamathela” sikazibuthe—ikhono eliyisisekelo elinalo lokunamathela ezintweni ezisebenza nge-ferromagnetic kudala ngemva kokuphela kwenqubo yokuqala kazibuthe. Ngaphandle kwe-remanence eyanele, ngisho nomazibuthe oklanyelwe amandla uzozabalaza ukubambelela ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.

Okwesibili ukuphoqelelwa (Hc), isilinganiso sokuthi uzibuthe umelana kanjani nokukhishwa kazibuthe okuvela ezicindezelweni zangaphandle. Lezi zingcindezi zingasukela ekushayisaneni kwezizibuthe (ezivamile ezilungiselelweni zezimboni ezinamathuluzi amaningi) kuya ekucindezelekeni okushisayo (njengasezindaweni zenjini noma ezindaweni zokushisela). Ezinhlelweni lapho ukwehluleka kungase kuphazamise ukusebenza—okufana nemishini yokuthwebula yezokwelapha noma ukulungisa okunembayo—impoqo ephezulu akuyona nje ibhonasi; kuyisidingo esingaxoxiswana sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki.

Okwesithathu phezulu umkhiqizo wamandla omkhulu (BHmax), imethrikhi echaza ukuminyana kwamandla kazibuthe: kalula nje, ikala ukuthi angakanani amandla kazibuthe angagxiliswa ngaphakathi kobukhulu obubonakalayo bukazibuthe. Inani eliphakeme le-BHmax lisho ukukhipha amandla amaningi okudonsa kuzibuthe ezincane futhi ezilula—futhi lokhu kuwukushintshashintsha kwemiklamo lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu, njengamadivayisi kagesi ahlangene noma izingxenye zezimoto. Lesi silinganiso sihlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokusebenza kahle komhlaba wangempela, futhi: uzibuthe one-BHmax eqinile ivumela onjiniyela bathuthukise imikhiqizo emincane, eyenziwe lula ngaphandle kokuyeka amandla adingekayo ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi. Lezi zici ezintathu zihlangene zakha umgogodla wokusebenza kukazibuthe ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo—akekho osebenza yedwa, futhi ibhalansi phakathi kwazo yiyona enqumayo ukuthi uzibuthe uzokwenza kahle yini endimeni yawo ehlosiwe noma ahluleke ukuhlangabezana nophawu.

Uma unqwabelanisa bonke omazibuthe abangapheli abatholakala namuhla, izinhlobo ze-neodymium zihlala ziphuma ngaphambi kwezinketho ezivamile njenge-ferrite ne-alnico kuzo zonke lezi zilinganiso.

Isayensi Engemuva Kokuphakama Kwe-Neodymium?

Kusukela bafika endaweni yesigameko ngawo-1980s, omazibuthe be-neodymium baguqule amathuba edizayini lapho isikhala siminyene kodwa amandla kazibuthe angenakonakaliswa. Amakhono abo ahlukile avela ekujuleni kwesakhiwo sabo se-athomu:

Ukuhlelwa kwekristalu ye-tetragonal ehlukile ku-NdFeB ikhiqiza lokho ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi i-magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo kazibuthe zangaphakathi zihlela ngokwemvelo ngendlela ethandwayo, zidale ukuqina kwensimu emangalisayo.

Lawa mazibuthe aletha kokubili ukuvuseleleka okukhulu kanye nokuphoqelela okuphawulekayo etafuleni, okubenza bakwazi ukusekela izindawo eziqinile zikazibuthe ngenkathi bemelana nezingcindezi ze-demagnetization. Lokhu kusebenza okulinganiselayo kubonakala kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho izimo zingavamile ukuhlala ziphelele.

Ozibuthe be-neodymium badlula ngendlela emangalisayo izimbangi ze-samarium-cobalt, i-alnico, kanye ne-ferrite. Lokhu kucindezelwa kwamandla okuhlaba umxhwele kuvumela amaqembu onjiniyela ukuthi akhe izixazululo ezihlangene, ezonga amandla.

Kungani Izimo Ezingunxande Zisebenza Kahle Kangaka?

Ozibuthe be-neodymium abangunxandezivele njengezintandokazi emikhakheni eyahlukene lapho ukusebenza kahle kwendawo kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile. I-geometry yabo efana ne-block inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibonakalayo:

Izindawo eziyisicaba ezinkulu zandisa ukuthintana nezinto ze-ferromagnetic, kudala ukunamathela okuqinile kunokwakheka okugobile noma okungajwayelekile okungafinyelelwa.

Imigqa ehlanzekile namakhona acijile kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kukho kokubili okokusebenza kwezimboni nemikhiqizo yabathengi, okwenza kube lula ukukhweza nokuqondanisa.

Imakethe ihlinzeka ngozibuthe be-neodymium abangamanxande emabangeni amaningi okusebenza (imvamisa i-N35 kuye ku-N52) eceleni kwezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanganisa (njenge-nickel, i-zinc, ne-epoxy) ukubhekana nezimo ezihlukene zokusebenza.

Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Zichaziwe

Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile benza omagnethi be-neodymium ngokusebenzisa enye yemizila emibili emisiwe:

Indlela ye-sintering iqala ngokuncibilikisa izakhi ezingavuthiwe, ziziguqule zibe yimpushana ecolekile, zihlanganiselwe ngaphansi kokuma kuzibuthe, bese kuba ukwenza imishini ye-sintering kanye nokunemba. Le ndlela ifinyelela ukusebenza okuphakeme kazibuthe kodwa idinga ukulawula okuqinile kokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okungabonakali kuyo yonke indalo.

Ukukhiqizwa kukazibuthe ohlanganisiwe kuhlanganisa izinhlayiya kazibuthe nezibophezelo zepulasitiki ngaphambi kokubunjwa. Izibuthe eziphumayo, nakuba zintekenteke kancane futhi zivumelana nezimo, ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuphuma kukakazibuthe okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo ze-sintered.

Kozibuthe be-neodymium abangamanxande, abakhiqizi bezimboni bancika kakhulu ezindleleni zokucwilisa ngenxa yokuthi le ndlela yobuciko igcina ubukhulu obuqondile kuyilapho iqinisekisa imiphumela efanayo yezinga eliphezulu - izinto ezimbili okufanele ube nazo ezisetshenziswayo zobungcweti.

Izici Eziwusizo Ezibalulekile

Nakuba amashidi encazelo enikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo, izindawo zokufaka zangempela zethula okuhlukile okwengeziwe:

Ozibuthe be-neodymium abavamile baqala ukuwohloka unomphela kazibuthe lapho izinga lokushisa selingaphezu kuka-80°C. Ngezilungiselelo ezifudumele, abakhiqizi bakha amamaki akhethekile afaka izithasiselo ze-dysprosium noma ze-terbium.

Ozibuthe be-Bare NdFeB bahlala besengozini yokugqwala nokugqwala. Ukushintshwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile zisuka kokwengeziwe ongazikhethela ziye ezicini eziyisibopho, ikakhulukazi endaweni emanzi noma esebenza ngamakhemikhali.

Naphezu kwamandla kazibuthe, omazibuthe be-neodymium babonisa ukuqina okuphawulekayo. Ukuphatha ngokunganaki noma umthelela ngesikhathi sokusetha kungaveza ama-chips noma ama-fracture, okudinga izinqubo zokufaka ngamabomu.

Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo Eziqinisekisiwe

Umshado onamandla wokuphuma kukazibuthe okuqinile kanye nedizayini esebenza kahle esikhaleni yenza izibuthe ze-neodymium eziwunxande zifaneleke ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa okuningi:

Amafemu ama-elekthronikhi awashumeka ezipikheni, emishinini yokugcina izinto, nasezinzwa lapho izindlu ezithengiswayo zangaphakathi ziyindlala.

Amasistimu e-automation asefekthri azakhela emishini yokuhlukanisa, amadivaysi okuphatha anembayo, nezingxenye zokulandelela indawo.

Onjiniyela bezimoto bazikhethela izindlela zokuqondisa zikagesi, ama-EV powertrains, nemisebenzi yokuzwa.

Amaphrojekthi wamandla omoya awasebenzisa ngaphakathi kwezitaki zamajeneretha lapho ukwethembeka nokubalwa kokugxiliswa kwamandla.

Abathuthukisi bemishini yezokwelapha bazifaka ezinhlelweni zokuthwebula izithombe namathuluzi okusebenza akhethekile.

Amasu Okukhetha Okuhlakaniphile

Ukukhetha uzibuthe ofanele kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izici eziningi:

Nakuba amamaki e-premium enikeza amandla engeziwe, ngokuvamile abonisa ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhetha uzibuthe othe ukukhudlwana, wezinga eliphansi kuveza impilo ende ephakeme kanye nengqondo yezomnotho.

Indawo yokusebenza kufanele inqume ukukhetha kokunamathela. Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole ukuthintana okungaba khona nokuba manzi, izinto ezonakalisayo, nokuhuzuka ngokomzimba lapho becosha izinto eziyisivikelo.

Uzakwethu nabakhiqizi abaletha amasampula wangempela, babuyisele i-prototyping ebanzi, futhi babelane ngolwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kucwengwe imiklamo yakho kokubili ukusebenza nokuphepha.

Izindlela Zokuphepha Ezibalulekile

Amandla aphawulekayo alawa mamagnethi aletha izidingo ezithile zokubamba:

Ukukhanga kwabo okukhulu kungaveza amanxeba amabi kakhulu noma kukhiqize izingcezwana ze-projectile uma odonsa beshayisana ngesikhathi sokushintshwa.

Gcina ozibuthe abanamandla kude nezinto zikagesi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezitshaliwe, nesitoreji sikazibuthe ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okungaba khona noma ukuphazamiseka.

Ngokuqhubekayo sebenzisa amathuluzi okuphepha afanele - ikakhulukazi izingubo zamehlo ezingathinteki kanye namagilavu ezimboni - lapho ukhweza noma ulawula lezi zibuthe.

Isilinganiso Sangempela Samandla Azibuthe

"Uzibuthe onamandla" ngempela uhlinzeka ngezinombolo zaselabhorethri ezikhangayo - uletha ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokusebenza. Ozibuthe be-neodymium abangama-rectangular bathole isimo sabo ngokufanelekile njengezingxenye ezithandwayo zokusetshenziswa okudinga amandla kazibuthe abalulekile, izilinganiso ezihlangene, kanye nokucushwa okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuwaqonda ngokuphelele amandla azo, imikhawulo, nokusebenzisa okufanele, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe nabasebenzeli bokuthenga bangafinyelela eziphethweni ezinolwazi ezithuthukisa kokubili ukwethembeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo.

Ngokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kazibuthe - ikakhulukazi labo abasebenzisa uzibuthe we-neodymium elingunxande - ukwakha ubudlelwano bokubambisana nabahlinzeki bezibuthe abanolwazi ngokuvamile kukhiqiza imiphumela ephakeme kakhulu mayelana nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe kanye nenani lephrojekthi.

Iphrojekthi Yakho Yangokwezifiso Yezibuthe ye-Neodymium

Singanikela ngezinsizakalo ze-OEM/ODM zemikhiqizo yethu. Umkhiqizo ungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zakho eziqondene nawe, okuhlanganisa usayizi, umumo, ukusebenza, kanye nokunameka. sicela unikeze imibhalo yakho yokuklama noma usitshele imibono yakho futhi ithimba lethu le-R&D lizokwenza okusele.