Ama-Neodymium magnets, aziwa nangokuthi i-NdFeB noma ama-rare-earth magnets, aseyitshe lesisekelo lobuchwepheshe besimanje. Uhambo lwawo kusukela ekusungulweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi luwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokuphishekela okungapheli izinto ezisebenza kahle nezinamandla.

Ukusungulwa Kwama-Neodymium Magnets

Ama-magnet e-Neodymium aqala ukwakhiwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ngenxa yemizamo yokudala ama-magnet aqinile ahlala njalo. Lokhu kusungulwa kwakuwumzamo wokubambisana phakathi kwe-General Motors ne-Sumitomo Special Metals. Abacwaningi babefuna i-magnet engathatha indawo yama-magnet e-samarium-cobalt, ayenamandla kodwa ebiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuwakhiqiza.

Impumelelo ifike ngokutholwa kokuthi i-alloy ye-neodymium, insimbi, ne-boron (NdFeB) ingakhiqiza i-magnet enamandla amakhulu kakhulu ngentengo encane kakhulu. Le magnet entsha yayingenamandla nje kuphela kunalawo angaphambi kwayo kodwa futhi yayiningi kakhulu ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-neodymium uma kuqhathaniswa ne-samarium. Ama-magnet okuqala e-neodymium ezentengiselwano akhiqizwa ngo-1984, okuphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha kuma-magnetic.

Intuthuko Nokuthuthukiswa

Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu ekukhiqizweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamamagnethi e-neodymium. Izinguqulo zokuqala zazisengozini yokugqwala futhi zazinezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusebenza. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, abakhiqizi bakha izembozo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-nickel, i-zinc, ne-epoxy, ukuvikela amamagnethi ekulimaleni kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ivumele ukudalwa kwamamagnethi anokubekezelelana okunembile kanye nokuzinza okukhulu kwamamagnethi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamagnethi e-neodymium ahlanganisiwe, okubandakanya ukufaka izinhlayiya ze-NdFeB ku-polymer matrix, kuye kwandisa kakhulu ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza. La mamagnethi ahlanganisiwe awaqhekeki kalula futhi angabunjwa abe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe komklamo konjiniyela.

Izicelo Zanamuhla

Namuhla, omaginethi be-neodymium batholakala ezindaweni eziningi ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka:

Izinto zikagesi:Omaginethi be-Neodymium bayizingxenye ezibalulekile kumadivayisi amaningi kagesi esimanje, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, nama-headphone. Ubuncane bawo kanye namandla aphezulu kazibuthe kuwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi amancane, asebenza kahle kakhulu.

AmaMoto Kagesi:Ukusebenza kahle namandla ezinjini zikagesi kukho konke kusukela ezintweni zasekhaya kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kuncike kakhulu kuma-magnet e-neodymium. Amandla azo okukhiqiza amasimu kazibuthe aqinile endaweni encane ashintshe ukwakheka kwezinjini, okwenza kube nezinjini ezincane nezisebenza kahle.

Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, omaginethi be-neodymium basetshenziswa emishinini ye-MRI, kuma-pacemaker, nakumadivayisi okwelapha nge-magnetic. Amasimu abo anamandla kamagnetic abalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuthembekeni okudingekayo kubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Amandla Avuselelekayo:Ama-magnet e-Neodymium adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla ahlanzekile. Asetshenziswa kuma-turbine omoya nakwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe zamandla avuselelekayo, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye namandla awo kusiza ekukhiqizweni kwamandla azinzile.

Izicelo Zezimboni:Ngaphandle kwezinto zikagesi kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha, omaginethi be-neodymium basetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni, okuhlanganisa abahlukanisi bamaginethi, imishini yokuphakamisa, kanye nezinzwa. Amandla abo okugcina izakhiwo zamagnetic ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu abenza babaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.

Ikusasa Lama-Neodymium Magnets

Njengoba isidingo samadivayisi amancane nasebenza kahle siqhubeka sikhula, nesidingo samagnethi anamandla njengalawo enziwe nge-neodymium sizokhula. Abacwaningi okwamanje bahlola izindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavamile zomhlaba ngokuthuthukisa ama-alloy amasha nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokuthola i-neodymium ngendlela eqhubekayo kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ebaluleke njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sikhuphuka.

Ukuvela kwamamagnethi e-neodymium akukapheli. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, la mamagnethi akulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo, aqhubekisele phambili ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuzo zonke izimboni futhi anikele ekuthuthukisweni kukho konke kusukela kuma-electronics abathengi kuya emandleni avuselelekayo.