Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezakhiwo nezindawo zokusetshenziswa kwama-magnets e-neodymium. Ama-magnets e-Neodymium angama-magnets ahlala njalo anamandla adlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yezobuchwepheshe neyezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizoqala ngokwethula izimiso eziyisisekelo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ama-magnets e-neodymium, futhi sixoxe ngokujulile ngethonya lokukhethwa kwezinto, inqubo yokulinganisa kanye neyokucwilisa ekusebenzeni kwama-magnets e-neodymium. Ngokuhlola izinkomba zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye nezindlela zokuhlola, sizogxila ekutheni iyiphi i-magnet ye-neodymium esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoxoxa futhi ngezitayela zakamuva zokuthuthukiswa kanye nentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu yama-magnets e-neodymium ukuze sibheke phambili esiqondisweni sokuthuthukiswa kwama-magnets e-neodymium esikhathini esizayo. Ngokufunda lesi sihloko, sizothola ukuqonda okuphelele ngezinzuzo kanye nekhono lokusetshenziswa kwama-magnets e-neodymium.

Ⅰ. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo zeomaginethi abakhulu be-neodymium

A. Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sama-Neodymium Magnets

1. Omaginethi be-Neodymium bakhiwe yizinto zomhlaba ezingavamile i-neodymium (Nd) kanye ne-iron (Fe), kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo njenge-boron (B) kanye ne-oxygen (O). Isilinganiso kanye nesilinganiso salezi zinto kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamaginethi e-neodymium.

2. Omaginethi be-Neodymium bavame ukulungiswa ngenqubo yokusansimbi yempuphu, okokuqala izimpushana zesakhi ziyaxutshwa bese zicindezelwa zibe yisimo esifunwayo, bese izimpushana zixutshwa zibe yinto eqinile ngenqubo yokusansimbi.

3. Isakhiwo semagnethi ye-neodymium singaba yibhulokhi, isilinda, indandatho, njll., futhi isimo esithile sincike ezidingweni zensimu yesicelo.

B. Izakhiwo ZikaMagnetide ZamaNeodymium

1. Umkhiqizo wamandla aphezulu kazibuthe:

Omaginethi be-Neodymium banomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kakhulu, okwenza basetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni efana nama-motor, ama-generator kanye nezinkumbulo kazibuthe. Umkhiqizo wamandla aphezulu usho ukuthi umaginethi we-neodymium ungakhiqiza insimu kazibuthe enamandla futhi ugcine amandla engeziwe.

2. Ukubuyela emuva okuphezulu kanye nokuphoqelelwa okuphezulu:

Ama-magnet e-Neodymium anamandla amakhulu okuvuselela amandla kanye nokuphoqelela okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi agcina amandla okumagneta aqinile ngemva kokususwa kwensimu yamagnetic yangaphandle. Lokhu kwenza ama-magnet e-neodymium akwazi ukukhiqiza amasimu amagnetic azinzile kuma-motor kagesi kanye nama-generator.

3. Ukuqina okuhle kokushisa:

Omaginethi be-Neodymium banokuqina okuhle kokushisa futhi bangagcina izakhiwo ezinhle zomaginethi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kwenza omaginethi be-neodymium babe usizo ekusetshenzisweni ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, njengezimoto zikagesi, amajeneretha kagesi omoya, njll.

4. Ukufakwa kwamandla kazibuthe okuphezulu:

Ama-magnet e-Neodymium anokufakwa kwe-magnetic okugcwala okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi ayakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amakhulu e-magnetic field ngobuningi obuncane. Lokhu kwenza ama-magnet e-neodymium asetshenziswe kumadivayisi amancane kanye nama-motor amancane. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sawoomaginethi endandatho ye-neodymium amancane, kanye nezakhiwo zawo ezisebenza ngogesi, singazisebenzisa kangcono izinzuzo zama-neodymium magnets futhi sifinyelele ukusebenza okungcono emikhakheni ehlukene yohlelo lokusebenza.

Ⅱ. Ngakho-ke, yiluphi uhlobo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium oluqine kakhulu

A. Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwezinto ezahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zikamazibuthe:

1. Omaginethi be-NdFeB (NdFeB):

Omaginethi be-NdFeB okwamanje bangenye yezinto eziqinile kakhulu zomaginethi, abanomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokufakwa kukamazibuthe okugcwala. Basetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-motor, ama-generator, izinkumbulo zikamazibuthe nakwezinye izinkambu.

2. Umazibuthe we-Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19):

I-Barium ferrite magnet iyinto evamile ehlala njalo edonsayo ene-remanence ephezulu kanye namandla okuphoqelela. Nakuba umkhiqizo wayo wamandla uphansi kakhulu, isadlala indima ebalulekile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengezipikha, amabhuleki kazibuthe, njll.

3. Umazibuthe we-Cobalt neodymium (CoNd₂):

I-Cobalt neodymium magnet iyi-alloy yensimbi engavamile yokuguquguquka komhlaba enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-magnetic. Ibonakala ngamandla aphezulu okuphoqelela kanye nokuqina kokushisa, efanelekile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, futhi akulula ukuyigqwala.

B. Ukuhlaziywa kwesibonelo kanye nokuqhathanisa:

1. Ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwe-magnet:

Ngokuhlola amapharamitha afana nomkhiqizo wamandla, ukubuyiselwa emuva, amandla okuphoqelela kanye nokufakwa kwe-magnetic saturation kwama-magnets ahlukene e-neodymium, ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kungenziwa. Qhathanisa ukusebenza kwama-magnets e-NdFeB, ama-magnets e-Barium Ferrite kanye nama-magnets e-Cobalt Neodymium, bese uhlola izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwawo ezindaweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.

2. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamacala okufaka isicelo:

khetha izimo eziningana ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, njengezinjini, amajeneretha, isitoreji sikamazibuthe, njll., sebenzisa izinto ezahlukene zikamazibuthe ze-neodymium, bese wenza ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo. Qhathanisa umehluko wabo wokusebenza ekukhishweni kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokuningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko nezinzuzo:

Uma ucabangela izici ezifana nezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobunzima bokucubungula, hlola izindleko-inzuzo yezinto ezahlukene ze-neodymium magnet. Qhathanisa ukusebenza kwazo uma kuqhathaniswa nebhalansi yezindleko ukuze uthole uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwe-neodymium magnet yesicelo esithile. Ngokuhlaziywa nokuqhathanisa izibonelo, umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwama-neodymium magnet ahlukene ungaqondwa ngokugcwele, futhi kunganikezwa isiqondiso sokukhetha i-neodymium magnet efanelekile kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Ⅲ. Ukubaluleka kwama-neodymium magnets

A. I-Neodymium iron boron magnet (NdFeB) iyinto ebalulekile ehlala njalo enezici zokusebenza kanye nezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Umkhiqizo wamandla aphezulu kazibuthe:

Umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe wama-magnets e-NdFeB uphakeme kakhulu, okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-magnet. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakhiqiza amandla kazibuthe anamandla kakhulu ngobukhulu nesisindo esifanayo.

2. Amandla amakhulu okuphoqelela:

Omaginethi be-NdFeB banekhono elinamandla lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwensimu yamagnetic kanye namandla aphezulu okuphoqelela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangagcina izakhiwo zamagnetic ezizinzile ngisho nangaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwamaginethi angaphandle.

3. Ukuqina kokushisa okuqinile:

Omaginethi be-NdFeB basengakwazi ukugcina izakhiwo ezinhle zomaginethi ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu. Banesilinganiso sokushisa esiphansi futhi bangamukela ububanzi obukhulu bokushisa bokusebenza.

4. Izimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene:

Omaginethi be-NdFeB bangakhiqizwaizimo ezahlukahlukenekanye nosayizi ngokwezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, okunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo.

B. Amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yamagnethi e-neodymium afaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

1. Thuthukisa umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe kanye namandla okuphoqelela:

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-magnet e-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise umkhiqizo wawo wamandla kazibuthe kanye namandla okuphoqelela, okwenza adlale indima ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.

2. Thuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa:

Omaginethi be-Neodymium bathambekele ekulahlekelweni amandla okusebenzisa ...

3. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ore yomhlaba engavamile:

Omayinethi be-NdFeB basebenzisa inani elikhulu lama-ore omhlaba angavamile, futhi ukuqoqwa nokuphathwa kwama-ore omhlaba angavamile kunomthelela othile emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuthola ezinye izinto noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile ukuze kufezwe intuthuko eqhubekayo.

4. Ukwandiswa kwezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza:

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye noshintsho ekufuneni, omazibuthe be-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuthi basetshenziswe emikhakheni eminingi, njengezimoto zikagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya, ukubanda okunamandla, njll.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisebenza ngogesi:

Umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukuhlanganisa omaginethi be-neodymium nezinye izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwabo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-magnets e-neodymium esikhathini esizayo kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe, amandla okuphoqelela kanye nokuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokwandisa amasimu okusetshenziswa kwawo ukuze kufezwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo.

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