Inyuma y'Ishusho: Uburyo Magnets za Neodymium zishushanyijeho U zikorwa

Mu nganda aho imbaraga za rukuruzi, icyerekezo cy’icyerekezo, n’igishushanyo mbonera gito bidashoboka kuganirwaho,Sumateri za neodymium zifite ishusho ya Uhagarara nk'intwari zitari zizwi. Ariko se izi magnets zikomeye kandi zifite ishusho yihariye zavutse zite? Urugendo rwo kuva ku ifu mbisi kugera ku ifarashi ikomeye ya magnets ni igikorwa cy'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, ubuhanga buhanitse, no kugenzura neza ubuziranenge. Reka twinjire mu ruganda.

Ibikoresho by'ibanze: Ishingiro

Byose bitangirira kuri "NdFeB" triad:

• Neodymium (Nd): Inyenyeri y'ibintu bidasanzwe by'isi, ituma imbaraga za rukuruzi zitagereranywa.
• Icyuma (Fe): Uruti rw'umugongo rw'imiterere.
• Boron (B): Ituma ibintu bihora bihindagurika, yongera imbaraga zo gukora ibintu (kurwanya demagnetization).

Ibi bintu birashongeshwa, bigakonjeshwa vuba bigahinduka uduce duto, hanyuma bigashyirwamo ifu ntoya, ingana na mikoroni. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ifu igomba kuba idafite ogisijeni (itunganywa muri gaze/vacuum) kugira ngo hirindwe ogisijeni ibangamira imikorere ya rukuruzi.

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Icyiciro cya 1: Gushyira imbaraga mu guhanga ahazaza

Ifu ishyirwa mu mabumba. Kuri magneti zifite ishusho ya U, uburyo bubiri bwo gukanda bukoreshwa cyane:

1. Gukanda Isostatic:
   • Ifu ipfundikirwa mu ifu isanzwe.
   • Ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane wa hydraulic (10,000+ PSI) uturutse impande zose.
   • Ikora ubusa buri hafi y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi bufite ubucucike bumwe kandi bufite aho buhuriye n’ubudahangarwa bw’amashanyarazi.
2. Gukanda mu buryo bwa Transverse:
   • Imbaraga za rukuruzi zihuza uduce dutomu gihegukanda.
   • Ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera ingufu z'ingufu za rukuruzi(BH) ntarengwaku nkengero za U.

Impamvu ari ingenzi: Guhuza uduce duto bigena imbaraga z'icyerekezo cya rukuruzi—magneti ya U-ifite aho ihurira nabi itakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora >30%.

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Icyiciro cya 2: Gutera Indabyo – "Umuriro wo Guhuza"

Ibice by'icyatsi kibisi byakaswe byinjira mu itanura rikoresha umwuka ushyushye:

• Bishyushye kugeza kuri ≈1080°C (hafi y'aho bishongesha) mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi.
• Uduce duto duhurira mu buryo bunini kandi bukomeye.
• Gukonjesha buhoro buhoro mu buryo bwa kristale.

Ikibazo: Imiterere ya U ikunze kugorama bitewe n'uko uburemere bungana. Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe bungana neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo urwego rw'ishusho rukomeze kumera neza.

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Icyiciro cya 3: Gukora imashini - Uburyo bwo gukora neza muri buri mpande

NdFeB yasintejwe irashya (nk'ibumba). Kugira ngo ishushanye U bisaba ubuhanga mu gukoresha diyama:

• Gusya: Amapine apfutse diyama agabanya amaguru y'imbere n'ay'inyuma ku rugero rwa ± 0.05 mm.
• Umugozi EDM: Ku miyoboro ya U ikomeye, umugozi ushyushye uhindura ibintu bibe umushyuhe mu buryo bunoze bwa mikoroni.
• Guteranya imirasire: Impande zose ziratunganywa kugira ngo hirindwe gucika no gukurura amashanyarazi.

Ikintu gishimishije: Imyanda isya ya NdFeB irashya cyane! Sisitemu zo gukonjesha zirinda ibishashi no gufata uduce two kongera gukoreshwa.

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Icyiciro cya 4: Kugonda – Iyo Magnets Zihuye n'Inyabutabire

Uburyo bundi bwo gukoresha magneti nini za U:

1. Uduce tw'urukiramende turacukurwaho irasenywa.
2. Ishyushye kugeza kuri ≈200°C (munsi y'ubushyuhe bwa Curie).
3. Hindura hifashishijwe hydraulically muri "U" ugereranije n'uburyo bugezweho.

Ubuhanga: Kwihuta cyane = imiturire. Ubukonje cyane = kuvunika. Ubushyuhe, igitutu, n'umurambararo wo kugonda bigomba guhuzwa kugira ngo hirindwe imiturire mito ituma rukuruzi icika intege.

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Icyiciro cya 5: Gusiga irangi – Intwaro

NdFeB yambaye ubusa irangirika vuba. Gupfuka ntibishobora kuganirwaho:

• Gushyiramo amashanyarazi: Nikeli-umuringa-nikeli (Ni-Cu-Ni) ifite ibice bitatu bitanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika.
• Epoxy/Parylene: Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi/ibidukikije aho ioni z'ibyuma zibujijwe.
• Umwihariko: Zahabu (ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga), Zinc (ihendutse).

Ikibazo cyo Gushushanya Imiterere ya U: Gusiga neza umugozi w'imbere ugororotse bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gusiga irangi cyangwa uburyo bwa roboti bwo gutera irangi.

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Icyiciro cya 6: Gukurura – "Gukanguka"

Ingufu za rukuruzi zigira igihe kirekire, zirinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha:

• Ishyizwe hagati y'imigozi minini ikoreshwa na capacitor.
• Yakorewe ku gice cy’ingufu kiri hejuru ya 30.000 Oe (Tesla 3) mu masegonda make.
• Icyerekezo cy'ikibuga gishyirwaho ku buryo bugororotse ku gice cyo hasi cya U, inkingi zigashyirwa ku mpera.

Incamake y'ingenzi: U-magnets akenshi zikenera magnetization y’imirongo myinshi (urugero, inkingi zisimburana mu maso h’imbere) kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gupima/gupima moteri.

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Icyiciro cya 7: Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge – Birenze Ibipimo bya Gauss

Buri magneti ya U igeragezwa nabi:

1. Gaussmeter/Fluxmeter: Ipima ubuso bw'ubutaka n'ubucucike bw'amazi.
2. Imashini yo gupima (CMM): Igenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo bya mikoroni.
3. Isuzuma rya spray y'umunyu: Rigenzura kuramba kw'igipfundikizo (urugero, kwihangana amasaha 48–500+).
4. Ibizamini byo Gukurura: Ku bijyanye no gufata magnets, bigenzura imbaraga zo gufata.
5. Isesengura ry'Umurongo wa Demagnetization: Iremeza (BH) max, Hci, HcJ.

Inenge? Ndetse no kugabanuka kwa 2% bivuze kwangwa. Imiterere ya U isaba gutungana.

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Impamvu U-Shape Isaba Ubukorikori Bwiza

1. Kwishyiramo stress: Gupfukama no guhagarara kw'impande ni ibyago byo kuvunika.
2. Ubuziranenge bw'inzira ihinduka: Imiterere idahuye yongera amakosa yo kuringaniza.
3. Ubusa bwo gusiga: Inkingi z'imbere zifata uduheri cyangwa utudomo duto.

"Gukora U-magnet si ugushushanya ibikoresho gusa—nigutunganyafiziki."
— Injeniyeri Mukuru w’Ibikorwa, Uruganda rwa Magnet

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Umwanzuro: Aho Ubwubatsi Buhurira n'Ubuhanzi

Ubutaha uzabona magnet ya neodymium ifite ishusho ya U ifashe moteri yihuta cyane, itunganya ibyuma byasubiwemo, cyangwa igatuma habaho iterambere mu buvuzi, ibuka: imiterere yayo myiza ihisha imiterere ya atome, ubushyuhe bukabije, ubuziranenge bwa diyama, no kwemeza bidasubirwaho. Ibi si ugukora gusa—ni intsinzi y'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho irenga imipaka y'inganda.

Urashaka kumenya magneti zikozwe mu ishusho ya U?Sangiza ibisobanuro byawe - tuzagukurikiranira hafi uburyo bwo gukora.