Muri iyi ngingo, tuzaganira ku miterere n’ahantu hakoreshwa magneti ya neodymium. Imashini ya Neodymium nimbaraga zikomeye zihoraho zigira uruhare runini mubice byinshi bya tekiniki ninganda. Iyi ngingo izabanza kwerekana amahame shingiro nuburyo bwo gukora magneti ya neodymium, kandi iganire cyane ku ngaruka zo guhitamo ibintu, kugereranya no gucumura ku mikorere ya magneti ya neodymium. Mugusuzuma ibipimo bitandukanye nuburyo bwo kugerageza, tuzibanda kuri magnet ya neodymium ifite imikorere ikomeye. Twongeyeho, tuzaganira kandi ku majyambere agezweho yiterambere ndetse niterambere ryambere rya magneti ya neodymium kugirango dutegereze icyerekezo cyiterambere cya magneti neodymium mugihe kizaza. Nusoma iyi ngingo, tuzarushaho gusobanukirwa neza ibyiza nibishobora gukoreshwa na magnesi ya neodymium.

Ⅰ.Amahame shingiro yarukuruzi nini ya neodymium

A. Ibigize n'imiterere ya Magneti ya Neodymium

1. Magneti ya Neodymium igizwe nibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka neodymium (Nd) nicyuma (Fe), nibindi bintu bifasha nka boron (B) na ogisijeni (O). Ikigereranyo nigipimo cyibi bintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya magneti ya neodymium.

2. Ubusanzwe magnesi ya Neodymium itegurwa nuburyo bwa powder metallurgie, ubanza ifu yibintu bivangwa hanyuma bigakanda muburyo bwifuzwa, hanyuma ifu ikayungurura mubintu bikomeye binyuze muburyo bwo gucumura.

3. Imiterere ya magneti ya neodymium irashobora guhagarikwa, silinderi, impeta, nibindi, kandi imiterere yihariye iterwa nibikenewe murwego rwo gusaba.

B. Ibyiza bya Magnetique ya Neodymium Magnets

1. Ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za magneti:

Imashini ya Neodymium ifite ingufu za magneti nyinshi cyane, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mubice nka moteri, moteri hamwe nibuka rya magneti. Ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu nyinshi bivuze ko magneti ya neodymium ishobora kubyara imbaraga za rukuruzi kandi ikabika ingufu nyinshi.

2. Kwisubiraho cyane no guhatirwa cyane:

Imashini ya Neodymium ifite remanence nyinshi kandi ihatira cyane, bivuze ko igumana magnetisiyasi ikomeye nyuma yumurima wa magneti wo hanze ukuweho. Ibi bifasha magneti ya neodymium kubyara amashanyarazi akomeye muri moteri yamashanyarazi.

3. Guhagarika ubushyuhe bwiza:

Magnetique ya Neodymium ifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi irashobora kugumana imiterere ya magnetiki ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi bituma magnesi ya neodymium igira akamaro mubisabwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi yumuyaga, nibindi.

4. Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa magnetiki induction:

Magneti za Neodymium zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura magnetic, bivuze ko zishobora gukora imbaraga nyinshi za magnetic mu rugero ruto. Ibi bituma magnetti za Neodymium zikoreshwa mu bikoresho bito na moteri nto. Mu gusobanukirwa imiterere n'imiterere yainini ya neodymium impeta, kimwe na magnetique yazo, turashobora gukoresha neza ibyiza bya magneti ya neodymium kandi tukagera kumikorere myiza mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Ⅱ.None se, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa magneti ya neodymium ikomeye kurusha izindi

A. Kugereranya imikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye n'ubwoko bwa magneti:

1. Magnets ya NdFeB (NdFeB):

Magnet ya NdFeB kuri ubu ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikomeye bya magneti bihoraho, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za rukuruzi nyinshi cyane hamwe no kwinjiza magnetique. Zikoreshwa cyane muri moteri, generator, kwibuka magnetique nibindi bice.

2. Barium ferrite magnet (BaFe12O19):

Barium ferrite magnet ni ibintu bisanzwe bya magneti bihoraho hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi kandi zihatira. Nubwo ibicuruzwa byayo bitanga ingufu ari bike, iracyafite uruhare runini mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nka disikuru, feri ya magneti, nibindi.

3. Sukuru ya Cobalt neodymium (CoNd₂):

Cobalt neodymium magnet ni gake idasanzwe yisi-ihinduranya ibyuma bifite imbaraga za magneti. Irangwa nimbaraga zihatira imbaraga hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bikwiriye gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ntibyoroshye korora.

B. Isesengura ry'urugero no kugereranya:

1. Kugereranya imikorere ya magneti:

Mugupima ibipimo nkibicuruzwa byingufu, remanence, imbaraga zagahato hamwe no kwiyuzuzamo magnetique ya magneti atandukanye ya neodymium, isesengura ryo kugereranya imikorere rirashobora gukorwa. Gereranya imikorere ya magnet ya NdFeB, Barium Ferrite magnesi na Cobalt Neodymium, hanyuma usuzume ibyiza byabo nibibi mubice bitandukanye bikoreshwa.

2. Kugereranya imanza zisaba:

hitamo ibintu byinshi bisanzwe bikoreshwa, nka moteri, moteri, ububiko bwa magneti, nibindi, koresha ibikoresho bya magneti ya neodymium, hanyuma ukore isesengura rigereranya. Gereranya imikorere yabo itandukanye mumashanyarazi, ingufu, nibindi byinshi mubihe bimwe.

3. Kugereranya ibiciro-inyungu:

Urebye ibintu nkigiciro cyibikoresho hamwe ningorabahizi yo gutunganya, suzuma ikiguzi-inyungu yibikoresho bya magneti ya neodymium. Gereranya imikorere yabo nuburinganire buringaniye kugirango umenye ubwoko bwiza bwa neodymium magnet ya progaramu runaka. Binyuze mu gusesengura no kugereranya ingero, itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati ya magneti atandukanye ya neodymium irashobora kumvikana neza, kandi ubuyobozi burashobora gutangwa muguhitamo magneti ya neodymium ikwiranye nibisabwa byihariye.

Ⅲ. Akamaro ka magnesi ya neodymium

A. Neodymium fer boron magnet (NdFeB) nigikoresho cyingenzi cya magneti gihoraho hamwe nibikorwa bikurikira nibyiza:

1. Ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za magneti:

Ingufu za rukuruzi za NdFeB ni nyinshi cyane, ibyo bikaba bitagereranywa n'izindi rukuruzi. Ibi bivuze ko ishobora gutanga imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi ku bunini n'uburemere bumwe.

2. Imbaraga zikomeye zo guhatira:

Magneti za NdFeB zifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya imbaraga za rukuruzi ndetse n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukoresha imbaraga. Ibi bivuze ko zishobora kugumana ubushobozi buhamye bwa rukuruzi ndetse no mu gihe imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze zibangamira imbaraga za rukuruzi.

3. Ubushyuhe bukomeye:

Magnet ya NdFeB irashobora gukomeza ibintu byiza bya magnetiki mubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi kandi irashobora kwakira ubushyuhe bwagutse bwo gukora.

4. Imiterere n'ingano bitandukanye:

Magnet ya NdFeB irashobora gukorerwa muriimiterere itandukanyenubunini ukurikije ibikenewe bya porogaramu zitandukanye, bitanga igishushanyo kinini.

B. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya magneti ya neodymium ikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira:

1. Kunoza umusaruro w'ingufu za rukuruzi n'imbaraga zo guhatira:

Iterambere rihoraho no kunoza magneti ya NdFeB byitezwe ko byongera ingufu za rukuruzi zingufu nimbaraga zagahato, bigatuma bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa.

2. Kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro:

Imashini ya Neodymium ikunda gutakaza magnetisme hamwe na magnetique imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubwibyo, kimwe mubyerekezo byiterambere byiterambere ni ukunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro kugirango bashobore guhuza nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

3. Kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe:

Magnet ya NdFeB ikoresha ubwinshi bwamabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe, kandi gukusanya no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe bigira ingaruka runaka kubidukikije. Kubwibyo, mugihe kizaza, birakenewe gushakisha ubundi buryo cyangwa kunoza imikoreshereze yubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe kugirango tugere ku majyambere arambye.

4. Kwagura imirima isaba:

Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe nimpinduka mubisabwa, biteganijwe ko magneti ya NdFeB azakoreshwa mubice byinshi, nk'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ingufu z'umuyaga, gukonjesha magneti, n'ibindi.

5. Guhuriza hamwe ibikoresho bya magneti:

Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ni uguhuza magnesi ya neodymium hamwe nibindi bikoresho kugirango tunoze imikorere kandi uhuze ibikenewe byinshi.

Muri make, iterambere rya magneti neodymium mugihe kizaza rizibanda ku kuzamura ingufu za rukuruzi, imbaraga zagahato hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, no kwagura imirima yabyo kugirango igere kubikorwa byinshi niterambere rirambye.

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