Ngaba iimagnethi ezinkulu ze-neodymium zikhuselekile ukuzisebenzisa?

Imigaqo kunye neMigaqo yoKhuseleko

Kumashishini amaninzi, ukufika kweiimagnethi ezinkulu ze-neodymiumiye yatshintsha umdlalo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukukhusela, ukuphakamisa, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto zentsimbi ezinzima ngesixhobo esincinci akunakulinganiswa. Kodwa njengoko nawuphi na umphathi weofisi okanye umphathi wevenkile enamava eya kukuxelela, amandla aluhlaza afuna uhlobo oluthile lwentlonipho. Umbuzo awukho ukuba ezi magnethi zikhuselekile na; koko kufuneka ukwazi ukuze uzenze zikhuselekile ezandleni zakho. Sisebenzisa ukubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo ekuchazeni nasekuvavanyeni ezi zinto kubathengi bemizi-mveliso, masihambe ngenyani yokuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kwengozi.

Ukwazi uMthombo waMandla

Entliziyweni yazo, ezi magnethi zimele inkqubela phambili kubunjineli bezinto zanamhlanje—i-alloy ye-neodymium, i-iron, kunye ne-boron evelisa i-magnetic field egxile kakhulu. Yile "mveliso yamandla" esebenza kakhulu evumela idiski encinci, enzima ukuxhasa imithwalo yamakhulu aliqela eepawundi. Nangona kunjalo, obu bunzima buzisa iindlela zokuziphatha ezahlukileyo kwiimagnethi eziqhelekileyo: ukutsala kwazo kunamandla kwaye kuyakhawuleza, uluhlu lwazo olusebenzayo luziisentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyawo, kwaye imo yazo yomzimba inokuba buthathaka ngokumangalisayo. Izigqibo ezenziwe ngexesha lokuchazwa—umgangatho, ukugquma, kunye nazo naziphi na izixhobo zokuphatha—ngoko ke ziindlela ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko, kungekhona nje ukulungiswa kokusebenza.

Ukuhamba-hamba kwiingozi zokwenyani

1. Ingozi Yokutyumza: Ngaphezulu nje kokuzibamba.

   Eyona ngozi ikhawulezileyo ngamandla okutsala. Xa imagnethi enkulu ifumana umphezulu wentsimbi okanye enye imagnethi, ayiqhagamsheli nje kuphela—iyayibetha. Oku kunokuyibamba nantoni na phakathi ngoxinzelelo olutyumza amathambo. Kukho isiganeko sendawo yokugcina izinto endisikhumbula kakuhle: iqela lisebenzise imagnethi engama-intshi ezi-4 ukufumana ibracket ewileyo. Imagnethi yajika yaya kwi-I-beam, yabamba umphetho webhanti yesixhobo somsebenzi phakathi kwentshukumo, yaza yamtsala ngamandla kwisakhiwo—yamshiya enembambo ezityumkileyo. Isifundo asinakucaca ngakumbi: misela indawo ecacileyo engqongqo ejikeleze indlela yemagnethi ngamaxesha onke. Ukongeza, ukungqubana kweemagnethi ezimbini ezinamandla kunokubangela ukuba ziqhekeke njenge-ceramic, zisasaze iziqwenga ezibukhali, ezibhabha emoyeni. Le ngozi ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngeemagnethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ezibuthathaka ngakumbi.

2. Ukuvumelana nokungaqini

Ukungaqondani okuxhaphakileyo kukulinganisa inani eliphezulu "le-N" kunye nemagnethi engcono. Udidi lwe-N52 lunika amandla aphezulu, kodwa luncama ukuqina. Kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo—cinga ngemigca yokuhlanganisa okanye yokwakha—apho ukuhla okanye ukungqubana kunokwenzeka khona, oku kubuthathaka kuba yingxaki. Sicebise ivenkile yokwenza isinyithi eyayihlala itshintsha iidiski ze-N52 eziqhekekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba isinyithi. Ngokutshintshela kudidi lwe-N45 olutyebileyo kancinci, bagcina amandla aneleyo okubamba ngelixa besusa ukuqhekeka okukhulu. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke ekukhetheni udidi olulinganisela amandla aneleyo kunye nokuqina okufunekayo.

3. Intsimi Engabonakaliyo: Iingxaki zokuphazamiseka

I-magnetic field enamandla eveliswa yi-neodymium magnet enkulu, nangona ingabonakali, ibeka umngcipheko obonakalayo. Iziphumo zayo ziqala ekulahlekelweni kwedatha kwimidiya yokugcina i-magnetic kunye nokususwa kwe-magnetization yeziqinisekiso zokufikelela ukuya ekuphazamisekeni kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo. Indawo ethile exhalabisa kakhulu kukuba inokuthi ichaphazele kakubi izixhobo zonyango ezifakelwayo, ezifana ne-cardiac pacemakers kunye neepompo zokungenisa i-insulin. I-magnetic field inokuthi iguqule ezi zixhobo zibe yindlela ekhethekileyo okanye iphazamise ukusebenza kwazo. Esinye isikhungo esisebenze naso ngoku siqinisekisa umda weteyiphu yomgangatho otyheli okhanyayo ukugcina ii-magnets zikude ubuncinane kwiimitha ezili-10 ukusuka kuyo nayiphi na ikhabhinethi ye-elektroniki kwaye ifuna imvume yezonyango kubasebenzi abaziphetheyo.

4. Xa Ubushushu Bunciphisa Amandla

Yonke imagnethi inophahla lobushushu. Kwiigreyidi ze-neodymium eziqhelekileyo, ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo ngaphezulu kwama-80°C (176°F) kuqala ukulahleka okusisigxina kwamandla emagnethi. Kwiimeko ezifana neendawo zokuwelda, kufutshane neenjini, okanye kwiindawo zomsebenzi ezitshiswe lilanga, oku akupheleli nje ekuweleni kokusebenza—ngumngcipheko wokusilela. Imagnethi ebuthathaka bubushushu inokukhulula umthwalo wayo ngokungalindelekanga. Umthengi kwimveliso yeemoto wafumanisa oku xa iimagnethi ezisetyenziswa kufutshane ne-oven ekhayo ziqala ukuwisa izinto. Isisombululo yayikukuchaza iimagnethi zegreyidi "H" okanye "SH" ezilinganiswe kwi-120°C okanye i-150°C, inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu.

5. Ukugqwala: Ukudodobalisa uBulungisa beMagnet

Ubuthathaka obukhoyo kwiimagnethi ze-neodymium ngumxholo wazo wesinyithi, okhokelela ekwakhekeni komhlwa xa kukho ukufuma. Lo mhlwa awutshintshi umbala nje kuphela; uyawenza buthathaka umagnethi ngaphakathi, okwenza ukuqhekeka ngequbuliso kunye nokungaphumeleli kube yinto enokwenzeka ngokwenene. Ukuzikhusela koku kukugquma okukhuselekileyo. I-nickel plating esetyenziswa kakhulu inesiphene esibalulekileyo: incinci kakhulu kwaye iqhekeka lula ngenxa yokukrweleka, ishiya umagnethi evezwe. Oku kufuna ukhetho olucwangcisiweyo ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna amandla ngaphandle, kwiindawo zokuhlamba, okanye kufutshane neekhemikhali. Kule meko, i-epoxy coating enzima okanye i-nickel copper-nickel plating enezingqimba ezininzi yindlela yokukhusela efunekayo. Ubungqina bokwenyani buyamangalisa: iimagnethi ezikhuselwe yi-epoxy zihlala iminyaka emininzi xa zimanzi, ngelixa ii-nickel-plated zazo zihlala zisilela ngaphakathi kwexesha elinye.

6. Into echaphazela isiphatho

Kwimagnethi ezenzelwe ukuphakanyiswa ngesandla, isiphatho sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokhuseleko. Izinto ezikhethwe kakubi okanye indawo yokuncamathisela ebuthathaka idala ingozi ethe ngqo. Iplastiki engabizi iba buthathaka xa kubanda. Isiphatho esiqhotyoshelweyo ngeglue enganeleyo sinokuphuma phantsi komthwalo. Iziphatho ezilungileyo esizichazileyo zisebenzisa irabha egqunyiweyo okanye i-TPE ukuze zibambeke ngokukhuselekileyo, okungatyibilikiyo nokuba zineeglavu ezinamafutha, kwaye ziqiniswe ngokudibanisa ukubopha koomatshini kunye ne-potting compound enamandla aphezulu. Soloko uvavanya isampuli ngeeglavu ezinxitywa liqela lakho.

Ukwakha Inkcubeko Yokuphatha Ngokukhuselekileyo

Ukhuseleko ngezi zixhobo luxhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenza. Nantsi indlela ezibonakala ngayo xa usemhlabeni:

Cacisa ucinge ngeNdalo engqongileyo:Sebenzisana nomthengisi wakho ukuze udibanise imagnethi neemeko zayo zokusebenza. Xoxa ngokuchatshazelwa kukufuma, umngcipheko wempembelelo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye namandla okutsala afunekayo. Rhoqo, imagnethi "eyona ilungileyo" yileyo ifanelekileyo, hayi eyona inamandla kangangoko.

I-PPE engundoqo yoMyalelo:Iiglavu eziqinileyo nezisikiweyo kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko azinakuxoxiswana ngazo xa ziphathwa. Zikhusela ekonzakaleni okuncinciweyo kunye namaqhekeza avela ekuqhekekeni okungaqhelekanga.

Sebenzisa iindlela zokuphatha ngobuchule:

Sebenzisa izikhewu ezingezizo ezemagnethi (umthi, iplastiki) ukugcina iimagnethi zahlulwe kwindawo yokugcina.

Kwiimagnethi ezinzima, sebenzisa i-hoist okanye inqwelo—ungaziphathi ngesandla.

Ukuze wahlukanise iimagnethi, zishelele zahlulwe; ungaze uzikhuphe.

Misela indawo yokugcina ekhuselekileyo:Gcina iimagnethi kwindawo eyomileyo, zincamathiselwe kwipleyiti yentsimbi "yomgcini" ukuze zigcine intsimi yazo. Zigcine kude kakhulu nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iikhompyutha zegumbi lezixhobo, nakweyiphi na indawo apho izixhobo zonyango zinokubakho khona.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko 1:Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokusetyenziswa (Susa Izixhobo Ezingalunganga) Yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo lube linyathelo eliyimfuneko langaphambi kokusebenza ukuze kuchongwe ukwaphuka kwengubo okanye umonakalo wesakhiwo (iitships, imifantu). Imagnethi eyonakeleyo yindawo yokusilela engalindelekanga kwaye kufuneka iphawulwe kwaye isuswe kwi-circulation ngoko nangoko.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko 2:Uqeqesho oluSisiseko Suka ngaphaya kwemiyalelo esisiseko. Qinisekisa ukuba uqeqesho luchaza imigaqo yamandla emagnethi, ubulukhuni bezinto, kunye nokuphazamiseka. Abasebenzisi kufuneka baqonde iziphumo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa ukuze baqonde imigaqo yokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo ngokwenene.

Ulawulo Olubalulekileyo Loyilo Olulungiselelweyo: Ukuqinisekiswa komzekelo

Ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele iodolo enkulu eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, yalela ukuveliswa nokuvavanywa kweeprototypes phantsi kweemeko zenkonzo zokwenyani okanye ezilinganisiweyo (ubushushu, iikhemikhali, ukujikeleza ngoomatshini). Olu lolona lawulo lusebenzayo lokubamba isiphene esibulalayo soyilo kwisibambo, kwilungu, okanye kwiinkcukacha zengubo.

Ibali leeWorkshops ezimbini

Cinga ngeevenkile ezimbini ezifanayo zoomatshini. Eyokuqala yathenga iimagnethi ze-N52 ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwi-intanethi ngokusekelwe kumandla okutsala kuphela. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ezininzi zaqhekeka ngenxa yokungqubana okuncinci, kwaye enye, enesiphatho seplastiki esincinci, yaqhekeka ngexesha lokuphakanyiswa, yonakalisa inxalenye. Eyesibini ivenkile yabonisana nengcali. Bakhethe uhlobo lwe-N42 oluqinileyo olune-epoxy coating kunye nesiphatho esomeleleyo, esibunjiweyo. Baqeqesha iqela labo baza baphumeza imithetho yokuphatha engasentla. Emva konyaka, iimagnethi zabo zonke ziyasebenza, kungekho ziganeko zokhuseleko. Umahluko wawungelulo ithamsanqa—yayiyinkcazo enolwazi kunye nokuziqhelanisa okucwangcisiweyo.

Ilizwi lokugqibela

Ngokuqonda okufanelekileyo nentlonipho, iimagnethi ezinkulu ze-neodymium ziluncedo kakhulu kwaye zikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Inkcubeko yokhuseleko yakhelwe kuxanduva lomsebenzisi: ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo, ukuxhobisa nokuqeqesha iqela ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunyanzelisa imigaqo efanelekileyo. Oku kuqala ngokusebenzisana nomthengisi onolwazi kunye nokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kwiinkcukacha zakho zokuqala. Xa le migaqo iguqulelwa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, uvumela iqela lakho ukuba lisebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla emagnethi ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukubaluleka kokubuyisela wonke umntu ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo.

Le mbono yakhelwe kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo neenjineli, amagosa okhuseleko, kunye namaqela okuthenga kumashishini amaninzi. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe sisikhokelo esisebenzayo. Ngalo naluphi na usetyenziso oluthile, soloko uqhagamshelana kwaye unamathele kulwazi oluneenkcukacha zobugcisa nokhuseleko olunikezelwa ngumvelisi wakho wemagnethi.