Imingeni kunye namathuba kubaboneleli beNeodymium Magnet eTshayina

I-China ilawula uthotho lwe-neodymium magnet lwehlabathi, ibonelela ngezinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi afana neemoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye namandla avuselelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona obu bunkokeli buzisa iingenelo, bukwazisa nemingeni ebalulekileyo kubaboneleli baseTshayina. Kule bhlog, sihlola imiqobo namathuba ajongene nababoneleli bemagnethi be-neodymium baseTshayina.

 

1. Iingcinezelo zeMfuno yeHlabathi kunye neCandelo lokuNika iNkonzo

 

Imingeni:

Ukwanda kwemfuno yehlabathi yeemagnethi ze-neodymium, ingakumbi kwicandelo lezithuthi zombane (i-EV) kunye namandla avuselelekayo, kubeke uxinzelelo olukhulu kwikhonkco lokubonelela nge-neodymium laseTshayina. Njengoko amashishini ehlabathi efuna ababoneleli abathembekileyo, kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yokufumana umthombo ozinzileyo wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana ne-neodymium, i-dysprosium kunye ne-praseodymium.

 

Amathuba:

Njengomvelisi ophambili wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, iTshayina inenzuzo enkulu. Imarike ye-EV eyandayo kunye namacandelo amandla avuselelekayo anika ababoneleli baseTshayina amathuba abalulekileyo okuqinisa isikhundla sabo ngokwandisa imveliso ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno ezikhulayo zehlabathi.

 

2. Imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo

 

Imingeni:

Ukumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kubalulekile ekwenzeni iimagnethi ze-neodymium, kodwa kudla ngokukhokelela ekonakaleni kokusingqongileyo. I-China igxekwe ngempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yayo yokwembiwa kwemigodi enqabileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimithetho eqinileyo kwiinkqubo zokwembiwa kwemigodi kunye nemveliso. Olu tshintsho lolawulo lunokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwemveliso kwaye lonyuse iindleko.

 

Amathuba:

Ukugxila okukhulayo ekuzinzeni komhlaba kunika ababoneleli baseTshayina ithuba lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha nokwamkela iindlela eziluhlaza. Ngokutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obucocekileyo kunye nemizamo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, abanakunciphisa kuphela iingozi zokusingqongileyo kodwa baphucula nodumo lwabo lwehlabathi. Iinkampani ezizibeka njengeenkokheli ekucutshungulweni komhlaba onqabileyo okuzinzileyo zinokufumana ithuba lokukhuphisana.

 

3. Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye noBuchule

 

Imingeni:

Ukuze kugcinwe ithuba lokukhuphisana kwimarike yemagnethi ye-neodymium, kufuneka ubuchule obuqhubekayo. Iimagnethi ze-neodymium zemveli zijongene nemida efana nokubuthathaka kunye nobuthathaka kubushushu. Abathengisi kufuneka batyale imali kwi-R&D ukuze boyise le mingeni yetekhnoloji, ngakumbi njengoko ishishini lizama ukufumana iimagnethi ezinamandla nezimelana nobushushu.

 

Amathuba:

Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olongezelelekileyo kwi-R&D, abathengisi baseTshayina banethuba lokukhokela ekuqhubeleni phambili uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kwiimagnethi. Izinto ezintsha ezifana neemagnethi ze-neodymium ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo kwemagnethi zivule amathuba amatsha, ngakumbi kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana neenqwelo moya, iirobhothi, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nenzuzo ephezulu.

 

4. Iingxaki zezelizwe kunye neMiqathango yoRhwebo

 

Imingeni:

Ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko, ingakumbi phakathi kweTshayina namanye amazwe anamandla ehlabathi, kukhokelele kwimida yorhwebo kunye neerhafu kwiimpahla ezenziwe eTshayina. Ngenxa yoko, amazwe amaninzi ahlola iindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela kwawo kubaboneleli baseTshayina, ingakumbi kwizixhobo zobuchule ezifana ne-neodymium.

 

Amathuba:

Nangona le mingeni injalo, iTshayina isadlala indima ephambili ngenxa yemithombo yayo emininzi enqabileyo kunye nezakhono zokuvelisa. Ababoneleli baseTshayina banokuqhelana nokutshintshatshintsha kwabathengi babo kunye nokufumana iimarike ezintsha eAsia, eAfrika, naseLatin America. Bangasebenza namaqabane aphesheya ukuze bavelise imveliso yasekhaya, benceda ukuthintela eminye imiqathango yorhwebo.

 

5. Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso kunye noKhuphiswano kwiMarike

 

Imingeni:

Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lezinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga kunokubangela ukungaqiniseki kubaboneleli bemagnethi ye-neodymium. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto ziphantsi kolawulo lwemarike yehlabathi, amaxabiso anokunyuka ngenxa yokunqongophala kobonelelo okanye ukwanda kwemfuno, okuchaphazela inzuzo.

 

Amathuba:

Abathengisi baseTshayina banokunciphisa impembelelo yokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ngokutyala imali ekuqiniseni ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo kunye nokusayina izivumelwano zexesha elide nabembi bemigodi abanqabileyo. Ukongeza, ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe bemveliso obusebenzisa iindleko eziphantsi kunokunceda ukugcina ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso. Ngokugxila kwihlabathi liphela kumandla acocekileyo kunye nombane, olu kukhula kwemarike lunokuzinzisa imfuno kunye nemithombo yengeniso.

 

6. Gxila kumgangatho kunye nesatifikethi

 

Imingeni:

Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bafuna ngakumbi iimagnethi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso, ezifana nokuthobela i-ISO okanye i-RoHS. Abathengisi abangahlangabezani nale migangatho banokuba nobunzima ekutsaleni abathengi behlabathi, ingakumbi abo bakwimizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu efana neemoto kunye neenqwelo-moya.

 

Amathuba:

Ababoneleli baseTshayina abagxile kulawulo lomgangatho kwaye bahlangabezana neemfuno zesatifikethi sehlabathi baya kuba kwindawo engcono yokufumana isabelo esikhulu semarike. Ukwakha iinkqubo zoshishino lokuvelisa eziqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zesatifikethi kunokunceda ababoneleli ukuba bathenjwe ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo ekhuthaza ubudlelwane bexesha elide.

 

Isiphelo

Ngelixa abathengisi bemagnethi ye-neodymium eTshayina bejongene nemingeni evela kwiinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso, kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, bakwakwimeko entle yokusebenzisa imfuno yehlabathi yezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Ngokutyala imali ekuzinzeni, ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho, abathengisi baseTshayina banokuqhubeka nokukhokela imakethi, nangona ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lusanda. Njengoko amashishini afana nezithuthi zombane kunye namandla avuselelekayo esanda, amathuba okukhula makhulu, ukuba ababoneleli banokuhlangabezana nemingeni ezayo.