Ukuthelekiswa koMsebenzi phakathi kweeMagnethi zeChaneli yeNeodymium kunye nezinye iintlobo zeMagnet

I "Superhero" yeemagnethi: Kutheni i-Arc NdFeBIimagnethi zesiteshiUnamandla Kangaka?

Heyi wonke umntu! Namhlanje, masithethe ngeemagnethi - ezi zinto zibonakala ziqhelekile kodwa zinomdla. Ubusazi? Umahluko phakathi kweemagnethi ezahlukeneyo mkhulu njengaleyo phakathi kwee-smartphones kunye neeselfowuni ezisisiseko! Ngokukodwa iimagnethi zetshaneli zeNdFeB (Neodymium Iron Boron) ebezihamba phambili mva nje- ziyi "Iron Man" yemagnethi yehlabathi. Ngoko zimangalisa kangakanani kanye? Yintoni ebenza bahluke kwezinye iimagnethi? Sukuba nexhala, siza kuyiqhekeza inyathelo ngenyathelo.

 

1. Dibana neMagnet Family

Okokuqala, makhe sazise "iintsapho ezine ezinkulu" zemagnethi:

Iimagnethi ze-NdFeB- "Abaphumelele kakhulu" kwiimagnethi

Okwangoku abona magnethi banamandla asisigxina emhlabeni

Yenziwe nge-neodymium, intsimbi, kunye ne-boron

Njengaba "bodybuilders" bemagnethi - bomelele ngokumangalisayo kodwa bayabuva ubushushu

Iimagnethi zeFerrite - "Amahashe okusebenzela"

 

Uninzi ukhetho lwezoqoqosho

Yenziwe nge-iron oxide kunye ne-strontium/barium compounds

Ukumelana nokugqwesa kokugqwesa kodwa amandla ombane abuthathaka ngokwentelekiso

I-AlNiCo Magnets- "Amagqala anamava"

Enye yezona zinto zindala zemagnethi ezisisigxina

Uzinzo olubalaseleyo lobushushu

Njengeembaleki ezihlala ziluhlaza ezinesakhono esomeleleyo sokuchasa i-demagnetization

Iimagnethi ze-SmCo- "Abaphezulu ababalaseleyo"

 

Enye imagnethi yomhlaba esebenza kakhulu enqabileyo

Imelana nobushushu kunye ne-rust-proof

Ixabiso kune-NdFeB, ukulungiselela izicelo zeprimiyamu

 

2. Amandla amakhulu eNdFeB Channel Magnets

 

Kutheni ubabiza "Iron Man"? Ngenxa yokuba banezakhono ezimangalisayo:

 

Amandla eMagnetic angahambelaniyo

Amaxesha ali-10 anamandla ngakumbi kunemagnethi ye-ferrite! (Khawube nomfanekiso womntu ophakamisa iintsimbi xa ethelekiswa nomfundi wesikolo samabanga aphantsi)

I-Remanence ifikelela kwi-1.0-1.4 Tesla (imagnethi eziqhelekileyo zifikelela kuphela kwi-0.2-0.4)

Ubuchule obuphezulu bokuchasana nokungasebenzi kuzibuthe, njengephela elingenakonakala

 

Uyilo lweSitishi olukrelekrele

Uyilo lweGroove luvumela ulawulo lwemagnethi oluchanekileyo, njengokunika i-GPS navigation yemagnethi

Uzinze ngakumbi, uthambekele kancinci kwi "fractures"

Kulula ukuyifaka, njengokuhlanganisa iibhloko zeLego

 

UKumkani weeNdleko zokuSebenza

Ngelixa ixabiso leyunithi liphezulu kune-ferrite, linikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi ngeyunithi nganye yemagnethi

Ifezekisa i-magnetism eyomeleleyo kunye nesayizi encinci, igcina zombini indawo kunye nemali

 

3. Xa ukhetha Yeyiphi i "Superhero"?

 

Khetha iimagnethi zeNdFeB xa:

Indawo ilinganiselwe kodwa imagnethi eyomeleleyo iyafuneka (umzekelo, ii-earbud ezingenazingcingo, iimotor zokungcangcazela kwefowuni)

Kufuneka ulawulo olululo lwemagnethi (umzekelo, izixhobo zonyango lwemagnethi, izixhobo zoluvo)

Ukushukuma rhoqo okubandakanyekayo (umzekelo, ii-EV motors, drone motors)

Uyilo olukhaphukhaphu luphambili (isixhobo se-aerospace)

 

Khetha ezinye iimagnethi xa:

Ubume bobushushu obugqithisileyo (ngaphezu kwama-200°C)

Iimeko ezinobungozi kakhulu (izixhobo zaselwandle)

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluqinileyo lwemveliso yobuninzi

Izixhobo ezibukhali kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu

 

4. Iingcebiso zokuSebenzisa iimagnethi zeNdFeB

 

Banike "impahla":Ukugquma komhlaba (nickel, zinc, okanye epoxy) kuthintelo lomhlwa

Bona "intliziyo yeglasi":Baphathe ngononophelo ngexesha lofakelo - ba brittle

Ayivani nobushushu:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokubangela "ukulahleka kwezihlunu" ngokusisigxina (demagnetization)

Ulwalathiso lubalulekile: Kufuneka ibenemagnethi ngokwendlela yoyilo

Phatha ngononophelo:Amandla ombane anamandla angachaphazela amakhadi etyala, iiwotshi; gcina kude kubasebenzisi besantya

 

5. Lisiphathele Ntoni Ikamva?

 

Iinguqulelo ezomeleleyo:Oosonzululwazi baphuhlisa amabanga amatsha anamandla ngakumbi

Okungakumbi ukumelana nobushushu:Ukubenza bangabi namvandedwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu

Uyilo olukrelekrele:Ukusebenzisa iikhomputha ukwandisa izakhiwo zetshaneli

Izisombululo eziluhlaza: Ukuphucula ubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okunqabileyo

Ifikeleleka ngakumbi: Ukunyusa imveliso ukuthoba iindleko

 

Iingcamango Zokugqibela

Iimagnethi zetshaneli zeNdFeB zifana "neentshatsheli ezijikelezayo" kwihlabathi lemagnethi, ukhetho lokuqala kwezona zicelo ziphezulu. Kodwa abanamandla onke - njengokuba ungasebenzisi imoto yezemidlalo ukuthutha iimpahla, undoqo kukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi.