Izinto ezintsha kwiTekhnoloji yeMagnet yeNeodymium

Imagnethi ye-Neodymium (i-NdFeB)-awona magnethi anamandla asisigxina eMhlabeni-aguqule amashishini ukusuka kumandla acocekileyo ukuya kubathengi be-elektroniki. Kodwa njengoko kunyuka imfuno yezithuthi zombane (EVs), iiinjini zomoya, kunye neerobhothi eziphambili, iimagnethi zeNdFeB zemveli zijongene nemiceli mngeni: ukuthembela kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (REEs), imida yokusebenza kwiimeko ezinzima, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo.

Ngena kungqamekoizinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji yemagnethi ye-neodymium. Ukusuka kwinkqubela phambili yezesayensi yezinto ukuya kwimveliso eqhutywa yi-AI, olu phuhliso luyila ngokutsha indlela esiyila ngayo, siyivelisa, kwaye sihambisa la macandelo abalulekileyo. Le bhlog iphonononga impumelelo yamva nje kunye namandla abo okukhawulezisa inguqu eluhlaza.

1. Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kuMhlaba onqabileyo

Ingxaki: I-Dysprosium kunye ne-terbium-ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-high-temperature stability-iyabiza, inqabile, kwaye inobungozi be-geopolitically (i-90% ifunyenwe e-China).

Izinto ezintsha:

• I-Dysprosium-Free Magnets:

IToyota kunye neDaido Steel ziphuhlise aukusasazwa komda weenkozoinkqubo, ukugquma iimagnethi nge-dysprosium kuphela kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-dysprosium nge-50% ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza.

• Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Cerium Alloys:

Abaphandi kwiLebhu yeSizwe ye-Oak Ridge batshintshe i-neodymium ngecerium (i-REE eninzi kakhulu) kwiimagnethi ezixutyiweyo, ukuphumelela.I-80% yamandla emvelingesiqingatha seendleko.

 

2. Ukonyusa ukuchasana kobushushu

Ingxaki: Iimagnethi eziqhelekileyo ze-NdFeB zilahlekelwa amandla angaphezu kwe-80 ° C, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweenjini ze-EV kunye noomatshini boshishino.

Izinto ezintsha:

• Iimagnethi zeHiTREX:

Hitachi Metals'HiTREXseries isebenza kwi200°C+ ngokulungiselela ukwakhiwa kweenkozo kunye nokongeza icobalt. Ezi magnethi ngoku zinika amandla iimotor zeTesla zeModeli ye-3, zivumela uluhlu olude kunye nokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.

• Uveliso oloNgezelelweyo:

Imagnethi eprintiweyo ye-3D eneizakhiwo ze-nanoscale latticechitha ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal nge30%.

 

3. IMveliso eZinzileyo kunye nokuRisayikilishwa

Ingxaki: Ii-REE zemigodi zivelisa inkunkuma eyityhefu; ngaphantsi kwe-1% yeemagnethi ze-NdFeB ziyarisayikilishwa.

Izinto ezintsha:

• Ukurisayikilisha kweHydrojeni (HPMS):

I-HyProMag esekwe e-UK isebenzisaUkwenziwa kweHydrojeni kwiSilaphu seMazibuthe (HPMS) ukukhupha kunye nokuphinda kusebenze iimagnethi kwinkunkuma ye-e ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho. Le ndlela inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla90%ngokuchasene nemigodi yemveli.

• Ukucokisa okuluhlaza:

Iinkampani ezifana neNoveon Magnetics ziyasebenzaiinkqubo ze-electrochemical ezingena-solvent ukucokisa iiREE, ukuphelisa inkunkuma yeasidi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngo70%.

 

4. I-Miniaturization kunye nokuchaneka

Ingxaki: Izixhobo ezixineneyo (umzekelo, izinto ezinxitywayo, iidroni) zifuna iimagnethi ezincinci, ezinamandla.

Izinto ezintsha:

• Iimagnethi ezidityanisiweyo:

Ukuxuba i-NdFeB powder kunye neepolymers kudala iimagnethi ezithambileyo, eziguquguqukayo ze-AirPods kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango. Iimagnethi ezibophelelekileyo zeMagnequench ziyaphumelelaI-40% ephezulu yemagnethikubunzima beemilimitha ezisezantsi.

• I-AI-Optimized Designs:

I-Siemens isebenzisa ukufundwa koomatshini ukulinganisa iimilo zemagnethi ukuze usebenze ngokugqibeleleyo. Iimagnethi zabo zerotor eziyilwe yi-AI zonyuse imveliso yeinjini yomoya ngo15%.

5. Ukuchasa uKutya kunye noKuphila ixesha elide
Ingxaki: Iimagnethi ze-NdFeB zigqwala ngokulula kwindawo ezifumileyo okanye ezineasidi.

Izinto ezintsha:

• Ingubo yeDayimane efana neCarbon (DLC):

A Japanese startup coat iimagnethi ngeI-DLC-uluhlu oluncinci, olunzima kakhulu-olunciphisa ukubola nge-95% ngelixa ukongeza ubunzima obuncinci.

• IiPolima zokuziphilisa:

Abaphandi be-MIT bafake ii-microcapsules zeearhente zokuphilisa kwiingubo zemagneti. Xa zikrwela, ii-capsules zikhulula ifilimu ekhuselayo, ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila nge3x.

 

6. Next-Gen Applications
Iimagnethi ezintsha zivula itekhnoloji yekamva:

 

• Ukupholisa iMagnetic:

Iinkqubo zeMagnetocaloric ezisebenzisa i-NdFeB alloys zithatha indawo yefriji yegesi eluhlaza. Iifriji zemagnethi ze-Cooltech Applications zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla40%.

• Ukutshaja okungenazingcingo:

I-Apple's MagSafe isebenzisa ii-nano-crystalline NdFeB arrays ukulungelelaniswa okuchanekileyo, ukufezekisa.I-75% yokutshaja ngokukhawulezakuneekhoyili zemveli.

• I-Quantum Computing:

Iimagnethi ze-NdFeB ezizinzile kakhulu zenza ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwee-qubits kwiiprosesa ze-quantum, eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kwi-IBM kunye neGoogle.

 

Imiceli mngeni kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo

Ngelixa izinto ezintsha zisanda, imiqobo ihleli:

• Ixabiso:Ubuchwephesha obukwinqanaba eliphezulu njengeHPMS kunye noyilo lwe-AI zisabiza ukwamkelwa kobuninzi.
• Ukubekwa emgangathweni:Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha azinazo iziseko zophuhliso zehlabathi zokuqokelelwa nokusetyenzwa.

Indlela Engaphambili:

1. Imixokelelwane yoBonelelo oluvaliweyo:Abavelisi beemoto abafana noBMW bajonge ukusebenzisaI-100% ihlaziywe ngokutshaimagnethi ngo-2030.
2. Iimagnethi eziSekwe kwiBioo:Abaphandi bazama ngeentsholongwane ukuze bakhuphe ii-REEs emanzini amdaka.
3. Ukwembiwa kwendawo:Iziqalo ezifana ne-AstroForge zihlola imigodi ye-asteroid ngomhlaba onqabileyo, nangona oku kuhlala kuyintelekelelo.

Isiphelo: Iimagnethi zeLizwe eliLihlaza, elikrelekrele

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji yemagnethi ye-neodymium ayisiyomveliso nje eyomeleleyo okanye encinci-imalunga nokucinga kwakhona uzinzo. Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimithombo enqabileyo, ukucutha izinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye nokuvumela impumelelo kumandla acocekileyo kunye nekhompyuter, ezi nkqubela zibalulekile ekufezekiseni iinjongo zemozulu yehlabathi.

Kumashishini, ukuhlala phambili kuthetha ukusebenzisana nabasunguli kunye nokutyala imali kwi-R&D. Kubathengi, sisikhumbuzo sokuba neyona umazibuthe incinci inokuba nefuthe elingaphezulu kwikamva leplanethi yethu.