Zenziwa njani iiNeodymium Ring Magnets?

Ukuba wakha wavula ibhokisi yeemagnethi zeringi ezingafanelanga i-rotor yakho, zaphelelwa ngamandla emva kwenyanga, okanye zatsha ngaphambi kokuba uzifake, uyayazi indlela ezivakalelwa ngayo. Ingxaki ayisoloko iyinto eyenziwe ngayo – yindlela eyenziwe ngayo imagnethi.

Ndibabukele abathengi becinga ukuba zonke iimagnethi zeringi zivela kumgca omnye. Azinjalo. Umsantsa phakathi kwemagnethi yeringi “elungileyo ngokwaneleyo” kunye neyo isebenza iminyaka emininzi kwimoto okanye kwisensor uvela kumanyathelo okuvelisa ongawaboniyo.

Nantsi ke into eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwivenkile yeemagnethi eyenzelwe wena – kwaye apho iimpazamo ezininzi ezibizayo zingena khona.

Ukuthatha Okukhawulezileyo

Ukulungiswa kwezinto
Inkqubo yokuhluza
Umatshini kunye nokwaleka
Isikhokelo semagnetization
Uvavanyo lolawulo lomgangatho

Iinkcukacha eziphambili zeNeodymium Ring Magnets

Ngaphambi kokuba sihambe kumgangatho wefektri, makhe sicacise into enye. Awunakwenza i-ring magnet ngokuchanekileyo ukuba iinkcukacha zayo azicacanga.
Ukuchaza ubungakanani bemagnethi yeringi echanekileyo sisihluzo sokuqala phakathi kwenxalenye ewela ngaphakathi kwendibano yakho kunye nenye exinanayo okanye eqhaqhazelayo. Siza kubuyela kwiingxaki kamva - kodwa yazi ukuba inyathelo ngalinye elisezantsi lixhomekeke kumzobo wakho.

 

Isishwankathelo seNkqubo yokuVelisa iNeodymium Ring Magnet

Ukulungiswa kwezinto

Iqala nge-neodymium eluhlaza, i-iron, kunye ne-boron - kunye nezinto ezimbalwa ezongeziweyo ezifana ne-dysprosium okanye i-terbium yokumelana nobushushu. I-alloy iyanyibilikiswa kwi-vacuum induction furnace, ize iphoswe ibe zii-flakes ezincinci. Ezo flakes ziguqulwa zibe ngumgubo orhabaxa.

Apha kulapho iikona zisikwa khona: abavelisi abangabizi kakhulu basebenzisa iindlela ezingahambelaniyo zokujonga ubumsulwa okanye ukungawuboni kakuhle. Isiphumo? Iimagnethi zeringi ezilinganisa kakuhle kodwa zenza i-15–20% ngaphantsi kwe-spec. Sithumela yonke ibhetshi yezinto eziluhlaza kwilebhu yangaphandle. Ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni okanye weoksijini uphantsi nge-0.05%, siyakwala. Oko kuvakala ngathi yinto egqithisileyo de ube utshintshe iiringi ezili-10,000 kuba zilahlekelwe yi-flux kwinjini eshushu.

Inkqubo yokuSinta (iPowder Metallurgy)

Umgubo ocolekileyo ucinezelwa kwidayi phantsi kwentsimi enamandla yemagnethi. Kwiimagnethi zeringi, loo ntsimi ilungelelanisa amasuntswana - olu lungelelwaniso lumisela ngokuthe ngqo imveliso yakho yokugqibela yemagnethi. Emva koko iicompacts "eziluhlaza" ezicinezelweyo ziya kwisithando somlilo.

Ukusinta kutshisa izinto zifikelele kwinqanaba lokunyibilika (malunga ne-1060–1100°C) kwi-vacuum okanye kwi-inert gas. Amasuntswana ayadibana, anciphise inxalenye malunga ne-15–20% ngendlela elawulwayo. Oku kuncipha kuyaqikelelwa – kodwa kuphela ukuba ubushushu be-furnace yakho kunye nexesha zixinyiwe. Ukushukuma kwe-10°C kangangeyure kunokuvelisa izangqa ezinomngxuma kakhulu okanye eziqhekekileyo kakhulu.

Emva kokutsha, iimagnethi ziyapholiswa zize zivuthwe (zithomalaliswe) ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo. Oku kuphuhlisa amandla okugqibela okunyanzela - ukumelana kwemagnethi ne-demagnetization. Tsiba umjikelo wokufudumala kwaye imagnethi yakho yeringi iya kuzithomalalisa ngokwayo kwindawo efudumeleyo.

Umatshini kunye nokuBumba

Iimagnethi zeringi ezisinki ziphuma kwi-oven ziqinile kwaye zibuthathaka kodwa azikafikeleli kumlinganiselo wokugqibela. Umatshini wenziwa ngezixhobo ezigqunywe ngedayimani okanye i-electric discharge machining (EDM) kuba i-carbide eqhelekileyo ayizukuyinqumla.

Ububanzi bangaphakathi (ID) kunye nobubanzi bangaphandle (OD) zigayiwe ukuze zinyamezeleke. Kwiringi eqhelekileyo yemizi-mveliso, sibamba u-±0.05mm kwi-ID kunye ne-OD. Kwizicelo ezichanekileyo ezifana neeringi ze-encoder, yehla iye ku-±0.01mm. Ndikhumbula iqela apho umthengi wayechaza "ukunyamezelana okuqhelekileyo" - waza wakhalaza ukuba ukuqengqeleka kwe-0.1mm kubangele ukuba i-bearing yabo ishushu kakhulu. Ngoku sihlala sibuza: yintoni inxalenye yokudibana, kwaye yintoni i-clearance?

 

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemagnetization kunye nokugquma

I-Axial vs Radial Magnetization

Kulapho imagnethi yeringi iba luncedo okanye ingasebenzi. Ukwenziwa kwemagnethi akusiyonto imiselweyo – kufuneka ichazwe.

- I-Axial magnetization ithetha ukuba iipali ezisemantla nezisemazantsi zikwimibuso emibini ethe tyaba. Oku kuqhelekile kwii-magnetic couplings, ii-holding rings, kunye nee-speaker assemblies.
- I-radial magnetization ithetha ukuba iipali zikwi-diameters zangaphakathi nezangaphandle - ubuso obunye bungasentla, ubuso obuchaseneyo bungasemzantsi, kodwa i-magnetic field iphuma nge-radially. Oku kukudingayo kwii-DC motor rotors ezingenamabhrashi, ii-magnetic bearings, kunye nezinye ii-sensors.

Ndikhe ndabona iinjineli ziodola iiringi zemagnethi ezingama-5000 ezine-radially magnetized, kodwa ndaqonda ukuba zilibele ukuxelela ifektri inani leepali (iipali ezi-2, iipali ezi-4, iipali ezi-8). Ifektri izenze zonke iipali ezi-2. Iiringi zisebenze, azisebenzi nje kuphela. Soloko uqinisekisa indlela imagnethi yemagnethi yeringi ehambelana ngayo nomzobo obonisa indlela i-pole ehambelana ngayo nesitshixo okanye uphawu.

Iindlela Zokugquma Nemiphumo Yazo

Iimagnethi zendandatho zeNeodymiumziphantse zibe yi-60% yentsimbi – ziya kugqwala emva kweeyure ezininzi emoyeni ofumileyo. Ukugquma akuyonto yokuhombisa.

- I-NiCuNi (i-nickel-copper-nickel): Isemgangathweni wokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyomileyo. Iqinile, iyaqhuba, kwaye incinci (10–20µm). Kodwa kuqala ukukrwela kunye nokugqwala.
- I-Epoxy: Ityebile (25–50µm), ayihambisi moya, kwaye imelana kakhulu nokutshizwa ngetyuwa kunye nokufuma. Imbi kodwa iqinile. Siyisebenzisela izinzwa zangaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwandle.
- I-Zinc: Ixabiso liphantsi kwaye incama. Ilungele ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi okungaze kubonakale ukufuma.
- Ukudlulisa / ukuphosa: Kuncinci kakhulu – kuphela kwiimagnethi eziza kuncamathiselwa okanye zifakwe ngaphezulu, kuba izincamathelisi zinamathela ngcono kumphezulu orhabaxa, onemingxuma.

Omnye umthengi wakha wangayisebenzisi i-epoxy waza wasebenzisa i-nickel kwizangqa ze-sensor yepompo yamanzi. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu, izangqa zonke zaziqhekeka ngumhlwa. Ibango lewaranti libiza ngaphezu kwebhetshi yonke. Musa ukuqikelela - vavanya isampuli kwindawo okuyo.

 

Ulawulo loMgangatho kwiMveliso yeMagnet

Ukunyamezelana noVavanyo lweMilinganiselo

Imagnethi nganye yeringi iyahlolwa – kodwa ayizizo zonke iifektri ezihlola ngendlela efanayo. Sisebenzisa umlinganiselo we-optical ozenzekelayo we-OD, i-ID, kunye nobukhulu kwi-100% yee-odolo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. I-laser micrometer iskena inxalenye nganye ngaphantsi komzuzwana. Nasiphi na iringi esingaphandle kokunyamezelana okuvunyelweneyo siya kwibhini yenkunkuma.

Kodwa nantsi ingxaki: ukunyamezelana kusebenza kuzo zontathuubukhulu ngokuzimeleyo. Isangqa sinokuba ne-OD egqibeleleyo, i-ID encinci kakhulu nge-0.03mm, kunye nobukhulu obuphantsi nge-0.1mm. Isenokungaphumeleli ukuhlanganiswa. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ucacise ukuba zeziphi imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo kunye neyona ibalulekileyo.

Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Nokuqina

I-magnetic flux ilinganiswa nge-Helmholtz coil okanye i-Gauss meter kwiindawo ezininzi ezijikeleze i-ring. Kwiiringi ezine-axial magnetized, sijonga intsimi esembindini kunye nentsimi kufutshane nemiphetho. Kwiiringi ezine-radially magnetized, sijikeleza inxalenye size sijonge ukuhambelana kwe-pole ukuya kwi-pole - umahluko ongaphezulu kwe-3% uthetha ukuba ulungelelwaniso ngexesha lokucinezela belungalingani.

Uvavanyo lobushushu lolunye umaleko. Sithatha izangqa ezintlanu kwibhetshi nganye, sizifake kwi-oven kubushushu obuphezulu obuchaziweyo (masithi yi-120°C) kangangeeyure ezimbini, sizipholise, size siphinde silinganise ulwelo. Ukuba zilahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-5% yemveliso yazo yokuqala, ibhetshi iyaliwa. Olu luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo oluthi uninzi lwabathengisi “abangabizi” baluphose kuba luthatha ixesha kwaye lulahla izinto.

 

Oko Abathengi Bafanele Bakuqinisekise Ngaphambi Koku-odola Iimagnethi Zeringi ZeNeodymium

Ubukhulu kunye nokunyamezela

Yiba neenkcukacha. Musa ukubhala “OD 20mm”. Bhala “OD 20.00 ±0.05 mm, ID 10.00 +0.02/-0.00 mm, ubukhulu 5.00 ±0.03 mm”. Xelela umenzi ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezihambelanayo. Kwaye rhoqo, cela ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uvelise ngokupheleleyo.

Amabanga ezinto eziphathekayo

Amanqanaba ukusuka kwi-N35 ukuya kwi-N55 akuxelela imveliso yamandla aphezulu. Inani eliphezulu le-N = linamandla kodwa libuthathaka kwaye alinyamezeli ubushushu. Imagnethi yendandatho ye-N52 kubushushu begumbi iyamangalisa. Imagnethi yendandatho ye-N52 kwi-70°C ilahlekelwa yi-12% yamandla ayo. I-N42SH kubushushu obufanayo ayilahlekelwa phantse yinto. Tshatisa umgangatho nobushushu bakho bokusebenza, hayi inombolo yekhathalogu kuphela.

Isikhokelo seMagnetize

Le ayisiyonto “imnandi ukuba nayo”. Yeyona parameter ichazwe kakubi kakhulu. Beka utolo kumzobo wakho. Bhala “i-axial magnetized, emantla ebusweni obuphezulu”. Okanye “i-radial 4 pole, ububanzi bangaphandle emantla”. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyibona, cela isampuli enemagnethi – iphepha kunye neefayile zesinyithi ziya kukubonisa ipateni ngoko nangoko.

 

Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweeMagnets zeRing zeNeodymium

Inkqubo yoKwakha ukuze uPrinte

Ukuba ufuna i-ring magnet engekhoyo kwikhathalogu – umlinganiselo we-ID/OD ongengowesiqhelo, i-coating ethile, ipateni yeepali ezininzi – ujonge kuyoiimagnethi ze-neodymium zesikoInkqubo ilula: uthumela umzobo okanye isampulu, sihlola ukunyamezelana kunye nokwenzeka kwezixhobo, emva koko sicaphula iindleko zezixhobo (ukuba zikhona) kunye nexabiso ngenxalenye nganye.

Izixhobo zokusebenzisa iimagnethi zeringi zihlala ziseti yeedayi kunye nezixhobo zokugaya. Lindela i-$500–$2000 kwangaphambili kwiisayizi ezingaqhelekanga. Elo xabiso lincitshiswa ngaphezu kobungakanani beodolo yakho. Kwizixa eziphezulu (iziqwenga ezingaphezu kwe-10,000), izixhobo azinamsebenzi ngenxalenye nganye.

I-MOQ kunye neXesha lokuKhokela

Ubungakanani obuncinci beodolo yeemagnethi zeringi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso buqala kwiingcezu ezingama-2000–5000 zemveliso esekelwe kwi-sintering. Abanye ababoneleli baya kwehla (izingcezu ezingama-500–1000) besebenzisa ii-bonded neodymium okanye ii-modified stock blanks, kodwa ukusebenza akufani - iimagnethi ezibotshelelweyo zibuthathaka malunga ne-30%.

Amaxesha okukhokela: Iiveki ezi-4-6 zokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye neesampuli zokuqala, emva koko ezinye iiveki ezi-4-6 zokuvelisa kunye nokugquma emva kokuvunywa kwesampuli. Iiodolo ezikhawulezileyo (zizonke iiveki ezi-2-3) zinokwenzeka kodwa lindela ukuhlawula iprimiyamu engama-30-50% kwaye wamkele ukunyamezelana okungqongqo kwishedyuli yefektri, hayi eyakho.

 

IiNeodymium Ring Magnets zisetyenziswa kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiimoto ze-EV ukuya kwii-encoders zonyango ukuya kwiindawo zokugcina izinto. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ivuthiwe kodwa ayixoleli. Fumana iinkcukacha zichanekile, vavanya iprototype, kwaye usebenze nomthengisi obuza imibuzo - kungekhona umntu othi "ewe" kuyo yonke inombolo oyibhalayo.

Ukuba ufuna amehlo amabini kumzobo wakho wemagnethi yeringi ngaphambi kokuba wenze iodolo enkulu, qhagamshelana nathi. Sifumene iimpazamo zokunyamezelana ebezinokubiza abathengi bethu amanani amathandathu. Lolo hlobo lwempazamo oyenza kube kanye kuphela.

Ubuchwepheshe beFullzen | Umenzi weMagnet weNeodymium oKhethekileyo

Ukususela kwizinto ezibonakalayo ukuya kwimagnetization – yenziwe ngendlela oyifunayo.