Iimagnethi zeNeodymium, ezaziwa ngokuba yiNdFeB okanye iimagnethi zomhlaba ongaqhelekanga, ziye zaba sisiseko sobuchwepheshe banamhlanje. Uhambo lwazo ukusuka ekusungulweni kwezinto ukuya ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi lubungqina bobuchule bomntu kunye nokufuna ngokungapheliyo izinto ezisebenzayo nezinamandla.

Ukuveliswa kweeNeodymium Magnets

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zaqala ukuphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 ngenxa yemizamo yokwenza iimagnethi eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Olu vumbululo lwaluyintsebenziswano phakathi kweGeneral Motors kunye neSumitomo Special Metals. Abaphandi babekhangela imagnethi enokuthatha indawo yeemagnethi zesamarium-cobalt, ezazinamandla kodwa zibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzenza.

Impumelelo yeza nokufumanisa ukuba i-alloy ye-neodymium, i-iron, kunye ne-boron (NdFeB) inokuvelisa i-magnet enamandla amakhulu ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Le magnet intsha yayingenamandla ngaphezu kweyangaphambili kuphela kodwa yayininzi kakhulu ngenxa yokufumaneka kwe-neodymium xa kuthelekiswa ne-samarium. Iimagnethi zokuqala ze-neodymium zorhwebo zenziwa ngo-1984, nto leyo eyayiphawula ukuqala kwexesha elitsha kwi-magnethi.

Uphuhliso kunye noPhuculo

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kuye kwenziwa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni nasekuphuculweni kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Iinguqulelo zokuqala zazichaphazeleka kukubola kwaye zazinamaqondo obushushu aphantsi okusebenza. Ukujongana nale micimbi, abavelisi baphuhlise izinto ezahlukeneyo zokugquma, ezifana ne-nickel, i-zinc, kunye ne-epoxy, ukukhusela iimagnethi ekonakalisweni kwendalo. Ukongeza, inkqubela phambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ivumele ukwenziwa kweemagnethi ezinokunyamezelana okuchanekileyo kunye nokuzinza okukhulu kwemagnethi.

Uphuhliso lweemagnethi ze-neodymium ezibotshelelweyo, ezibandakanya ukufaka amasuntswana e-NdFeB kwi-polymer matrix, luye lwandisa uluhlu lwezicelo. Ezi magnethi zibotshelelweyo azikhuli kakhulu kwaye zinokubunjwa zibe ziimo ezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo enika ukuguquguquka ngakumbi koyilo kwiinjineli.

Izicelo zanamhlanje

Namhlanje, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo. Ezinye zezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka:

Izixhobo zombane:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje, kuquka ii-smartphones, iikhompyutha, kunye nee-headphones. Ubukhulu bazo obuncinci kunye namandla aphezulu emagnethi kuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezincinci nezisebenza kakuhle.

IiMoto zoMbane:Ukusebenza kakuhle namandla eemoto zombane kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizixhobo zasekhaya ukuya kwizithuthi zombane zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimagnethi ze-neodymium. Amandla azo okuvelisa amandla emagnethi aqinileyo kwindawo encinci atshintshe uyilo lweemoto, nto leyo evumela iimoto ezincinci nezisebenzayo.

Izixhobo zonyango:Kwicandelo lezonyango, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa kwiimashini ze-MRI, ii-pacemakers, kunye nezixhobo zonyango lwe-magnetic. Amandla azo e-magnetic aqinileyo abalulekile ekuchanekeni nasekuthembekeni okufunekayo kubuchwepheshe bezonyango.

Umoya ovuselelekayo:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwamandla acocekileyo. Zisetyenziswa kwiiturbine zomoya nakwezinye iiteknoloji zamandla avuselelekayo, apho ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo kunye namandla azo kuncedisa ekuvelisweni kwamandla azinzileyo.

Izicelo zemizi-mveliso:Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zonyango, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kubandakanya abahluli bemagnethi, oomatshini bokuphakamisa, kunye neesensa. Ukukwazi kwazo ukugcina iipropati zemagnethi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kuzenza zibe yimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino.

Ikamva leeNeodymium Magnets

Njengoko imfuno yezixhobo ezincinci nezisebenza kakuhle iqhubeka ikhula, kuya kubakho nesidingo seemagnethi ezinamandla ezifana nezo zenziwe nge-neodymium. Abaphandi ngoku bahlola iindlela zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokuphuhlisa ii-alloys ezintsha kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Ukongeza, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-neodymium ngokuzinzileyo kuya kuba baluleke ngakumbi njengoko imfuno yehlabathi isanda.

Ukuvela kweemagnethi ze-neodymium akukapheli. Ngophando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso, ezi magnethi zikulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kubuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo, ziqhubele phambili uphuhliso kumashishini kwaye zinegalelo ekuphuhliseni yonke into ukusuka kwi-elektroniki yabathengi ukuya kumandla avuselelekayo.