Zeziphi iziXhobo zeMagnetic ezahlukeneyo?

I-Magnetism, amandla asisiseko endalo, ibonakala kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunyeizicelo zemagent. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli kazibuthe kubalulekile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ifiziksi, ubunjineli kunye netekhnoloji. Makhe sihlolisise ihlabathi elinomdla lezinto eziphathekayo kwaye siphonononge iimpawu zazo, ukuhlelwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo.

1. IiMathiriyeli zeFerromagnetic:

Izixhobo zeFerromagnetic zibonisa amandla kunyeimagnetization esisigxina, nangona ukungabikho kwemagnethi yangaphandle. I-iron, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt yimizekelo yakudala yezinto ze-ferromagnetic. Ezi zixhobo zinexesha elizenzekelayo lemagnethi elilungelelanisa kwicala elinye, lidala indawo eyomeleleyo yemagnethi yonke. Iimathiriyeli zeFerromagnetic zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezinje ngezixhobo zokugcina imagnethi, iimotor zombane, kunye neziguquli ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezinamandla.

2. Izinto zeParamagnetic:

Izixhobo zeParamagnetic zitsalwa kancinci kumhlaba kazibuthe kwaye zibonisa imagnethi yethutyana xa zivezwe kwezo ndawo. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic, izixhobo zeparamagnetic aziwugcini umazibuthe emva kokuba intsimi yangaphandle isusiwe. Izinto ezifana ne-aluminiyam, iplatinam, kunye neoksijini ziparamagnetic ngenxa yobukho bee-electron ezingadityaniswanga, ezilungelelaniswa nemagnethi yangaphandle kodwa zibuyele kwi-random orientations xa ibala lisusiwe. Iimathiriyeli zeParamagnetic zifumana usetyenziso koomatshini bokucinga ngemagnethi (MRI), apho impendulo yabo ebuthathaka kumhlaba wemagnethi iluncedo.

3. Izinto zeDiamagnetic:

Izixhobo zeDiamagnetic, ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic kunye neparamagnetic, ziyagxothwa yimagnethi. Xa zibonakaliswe kumhlaba wemagnethi, izixhobo zediamagnetic ziphuhlisa indawo enemagnethi echasayo, ebangela ukuba zityhalwe kude kumthombo wentsimi. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yezixhobo ze-diamagnetic ziquka ubhedu, i-bismuth, kunye namanzi. Ngelixa impembelelo ye-diamagnetic ibuthathaka xa ithelekiswa ne-ferromagnetism kunye ne-paramagnetism, ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwimimandla efana nesayensi yezixhobo kunye netekhnoloji yokulinganisa.

4. Izinto zeFerrimagnetic:

Iimathiriyeli zeFerrimagnetic zibonisa impatho yamagnetic efana nemathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic kodwa eneempawu zemagneti ezahlukileyo. Kwimathiriyeli ye-ferrimagnetic, ii-sublattices ezimbini zemizuzu yemagnethi zilungelelaniswa kumacala achaseneyo, okukhokelela kumzuzu wemagnethi. Olu lungelelwaniso lubangela umbane osisigxina, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ubuthathaka kunalowo wemathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic. IiFerrites, iklasi yezixhobo ze-ceramic eziqulethe iikhompawundi ze-iron oxide, ziyimizekelo ephawulekayo yezinto ze-ferrimagnetic. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-electronics, unxibelelwano, kunye nezixhobo ze-microwave ngenxa yeempawu zazo zombane kunye nezombane.

5. Izinto ze-Antiferromagnetic:

Iimathiriyeli ze-Antiferromagnetic zibonisa ulungelelwaniso lwemagnethi apho ixesha elikufutshane lemagnethi lilungelelanisa i-antiparallel enye kwenye, ekhokelela ekurhoxisweni kwawo wonke umzuzu wemagnethi. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo ze-antiferromagnetic azibonakalisi imacroscopic magnetization. I-Manganese oxide kunye nechromium yimizekelo yemathiriyeli ye-antiferromagnetic. Ngelixa bengenakufumana usetyenziso oluthe ngqo kubuchwepheshe bemagnethi, imathiriyeli ye-antiferromagnetic idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando olusisiseko kunye nophuhliso lwe-spintronics, isebe le-elektroniki elisebenzisa i-spin ye-electron.