Kule nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngeempawu kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium ziimagnethi ezinamandla ezihlala zihleli ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zobugcisa kunye nezoshishino. Eli nqaku liza kuqala liqalise ngemigaqo esisiseko kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium, kwaye lixoxe nzulu ngempembelelo yokukhethwa kwezinto, ukulinganiswa kunye nenkqubo yokusila ekusebenzeni kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Ngokuvavanya izalathisi zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya, siza kugxila kwimagnethi ye-neodymium enentsebenzo enamandla. Ukongeza, siza kuxoxa ngeendlela zamva nje zophuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yemagnethi ye-neodymium ukuze sijonge phambili kwicala lophuhliso lweemagnethi ze-neodymium kwixesha elizayo. Ngokufunda eli nqaku, siya kufumana ukuqonda okupheleleyo ngakumbi ngeenzuzo kunye nokukwazi kokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium.

Ⅰ. Imigaqo esisiseko yeiimagnethi ezinkulu ze-neodymium

A. Ukwakhiwa kunye nolwakhiwo lweeNeodymium Magnets

1. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zenziwe zizinto zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga i-neodymium (Nd) kunye nesinyithi (Fe), kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo ezifana ne-boron (B) kunye neoksijini (O). Umlinganiselo kunye nomlinganiselo wezi zinto unempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweemagnethi zeNeodymium.

2. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zihlala zilungiswa ngenkqubo yokunyibilikisa umgubo, kuqala iipowders zeelement zixutywa kwaye zicinezelwe kwimo efunekayo, emva koko iipowders zixutywa zibe yinto eqinileyo ngenkqubo yokunyibilikisa umgubo.

3. Ulwakhiwo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium lunokuba yibhloko, isilinda, indandatho, njl.njl., kwaye imo ethile ixhomekeke kwiimfuno zentsimi yesicelo.

B. Iimpawu zeMagnetike zeNeodymium Magnets

1. Imveliso yamandla aphezulu emagnethi:

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinemveliso yamandla aphezulu kakhulu emagnethi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana neemoto, iijenereyitha kunye neenkumbulo zemagnethi. Imveliso yamandla aphezulu ithetha ukuba imagnethi yeNeodymium inokuvelisa intsimi yamandla enamandla kwaye igcine amandla angakumbi.

2. Ukubuyela umva okuphezulu kunye nokunyanzelisa okuphezulu:

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinamandla amakhulu okubuyela umva kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba zigcina amandla ombane aqinileyo emva kokuba intsimi yemagnethi yangaphandle isusiwe. Oku kwenza iimagnethi zeNeodymium zivelise amandla ombane azinzileyo kwiimoto zombane kunye neejenereyitha.

3. Uzinzo oluhle lobushushu:

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinozinzo oluhle kubushushu kwaye zinokugcina iipropati ezintle zemagnethi kubushushu obuphezulu. Oku kwenza iimagnethi zeNeodymium zibe luncedo ekusetyenzisweni kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, njengezithuthi zombane, iijenereyitha zamandla omoya, njl.njl.

4. Ukufakelwa kwemagnethi ephezulu yokugcwala:

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zine-induction yemagnethi ephezulu yokugcwala, oko kuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla aphezulu e-magnetic field ngomthamo omncinci. Oku kwenza ukuba iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezincinci nakwiimoto ezincinci. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka kunye nolwakhiwo lwazoiimagnethi zendandatho ye-neodymium ezibhityileyo, kunye neempawu zazo zemagnethi, singazisebenzisa ngcono iingenelo zemagnethi ze-neodymium kwaye sifumane ukusebenza okungcono kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.

Ⅱ. Ngoko ke, loluphi uhlobo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium enamandla kakhulu

A. Uthelekiso lwentsebenzo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zemagnethi:

1. Iimagnethi zeNdFeB (NdFeB):

Iimagnethi zeNdFeB okwangoku zezinye zezona zinto zinamandla kakhulu zemagnethi ezihlala ixesha elide, zinemveliso yamandla emagnethi aphezulu kakhulu kunye ne-saturation magnetic induction. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kwiijenereyitha, kwiimemori zemagnethi nakwezinye iindawo.

2. Imagnethi ye-Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19):

Imagnethi yeBarium ferrite yinto eqhelekileyo ehlala ihleli ene-remanence ephezulu kunye namandla okunyanzela. Nangona imveliso yayo yamandla iphantsi, isadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye iinkqubo, ezifana nezithethi, iibhuleki zemagnethi, njl.

3. Imagnethi yeCobalt neodymium (CoNd₂):

I-Cobalt neodymium magnet yi-alloy yesinyithi engaqhelekanga yokuguquguquka komhlaba eneempawu ezintle zemagnethi. Ibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu okunyanzela kunye nozinzo lobushushu, ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye kulula ukuyibola.

B. Uhlalutyo lomzekelo kunye nothelekiso:

1. Uthelekiso lwentsebenzo yemagnethi:

Ngokuvavanya iiparameter ezifana nemveliso yamandla, ukubuyiselwa kwakhona, amandla okunyanzela kunye nokufakwa kwemagnethi yokugcwala kweemagnethi ezahlukeneyo ze-neodymium, uhlalutyo lothelekiso lokusebenza lunokwenziwa. Thelekisa ukusebenza kweemagnethi ze-NdFeB, iimagnethi zeBarium Ferrite kunye neemagnethi zeCobalt Neodymium, kwaye uvavanye izibonelelo kunye nokungalungi kwazo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

2. Uthelekiso lweemeko zesicelo:

khetha iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, ezinje ngeemoto, iijenereyitha, indawo yokugcina imagnethi, njl.njl., sebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi ye-neodymium, kwaye wenze uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo. Thelekisa umahluko wabo wokusebenza kwimveliso yamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, nokunye phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.

3. Uthelekiso lweendleko neenzuzo:

Ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana neendleko zezinto kunye nobunzima bokucubungula, vavanya ixabiso-inzuzo yezinto ezahlukeneyo zemagnethi ye-neodymium. Thelekisa ukusebenza kwazo ngokuchasene nebhalansi yeendleko ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo olulungileyo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium kwisicelo esithile. Ngokuhlalutya kunye nokuthelekiswa kwemizekelo, umahluko wokusebenza phakathi kweemagnethi ze-neodymium ezahlukeneyo unokuqondwa ngakumbi, kwaye isikhokelo sinokubonelelwa ekukhetheni imagnethi ye-neodymium efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.

Ⅲ. Ukubaluleka kweemagnethi ze-neodymium

A. I-Neodymium iron boron magnet (NdFeB) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo semagnet esisisigxina esineempawu zokusebenza ezilandelayo kunye neenzuzo:

1. Imveliso yamandla aphezulu emagnethi:

Imveliso yamandla emagnethi yeemagnethi zeNdFeB iphezulu kakhulu, into engenakuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemagnethi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuvelisa amandla emagnethi anamandla ngobukhulu nobunzima obufanayo.

2. Amandla aqatha kakhulu:

Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zinamandla okuphazamisa intsimi yemagnethi enamandla kunye namandla aphezulu okunyanzela. Oku kuthetha ukuba zinokugcina iipropati zemagnethi ezizinzileyo naphantsi kokuphazamiseka kwentsimi yemagnethi yangaphandle.

3. Uzinzo lobushushu oluqinileyo:

Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zisenako ukugcina iipropati ezintle zemagnethi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Zinomlinganiselo wobushushu ophantsi kwaye zinokuthwala uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza.

4. Iimilo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo:

Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zingenziwa eiimilo ezahlukeneyokunye nobukhulu ngokweemfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo.

B. Amathemba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweemagnethi ze-neodymium aquka ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ukuphucula imveliso yamandla magnetic kunye namandla okunyanzela:

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kweemagnethi zeNdFeB kulindeleke ukuba zonyuse imveliso yazo yamandla emagnethi kunye namandla okunyanzela, nto leyo ebenza badlale indima kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

2. Ukuphucula uzinzo lobushushu:

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinokulahlekelwa yimagnethi kunye nokuncitshiswa kokusebenza kwemagnethi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ke ngoko, enye yeendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kukuphucula uzinzo lwazo lobushushu ukuze zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo zobushushu eziphezulu.

3. Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-ore zomhlaba ezinqabileyo:

Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lee-ore zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, kwaye ukuqokelelwa kunye nokunyangwa kwee-ore zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunempembelelo ethile kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, kwixesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko ukufumana ezinye izinto okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo ukuze kufezekiswe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo.

4. Ukwandiswa kwamasimi okufaka isicelo:

Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye notshintsho kwimfuno, kulindeleke ukuba iimagnethi zeNdFeB zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana nezithuthi zombane, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya, ukukhenkcezwa kwemagnethi, njl.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisebenzisa imagnethi:

Indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kukudibanisa iimagnethi ze-neodymium nezinye izixhobo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngamafutshane, uphuhliso lweemagnethi ze-neodymium kwixesha elizayo luza kugxila ekuphuculeni imveliso yamandla emagnethi, amandla okunyanzela kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokwandisa amasimi ayo okusetyenziswa ukuze kufezekiswe usetyenziso olubanzi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo ngakumbi.

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