Enziwa kanjani izibuthe ze-neodymium?

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium, owaziwa nangokuthi omazibuthe be-NdFeB, bawuhlobo lukazibuthe wasemhlabeni oluyivelakancane enamandla amakhulu kazibuthe phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zikamazibuthe.Njengeidiski,vimba,indandatho,kuliwenokunye omazibuthe.Zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni kanye nezicelo zabathengi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile.Inqubo yokukhiqiza kazibuthe be-Neodymium iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukucwiliswa kwensimbi, umshini, kanye nokuhlanganisa.Kulesi sihloko, thina njenge-aneodymium uzibuthe ifektriizohlinzeka ngemininingwane eningiliziwe yenqubo yokwenziwa kozibuthe be-Neodymium, ixoxa ngesinyathelo ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.Ukwengeza, sizophinde sihlole izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalawa mamagnethi, okuhlanganisa ukubaluleka kwawo kubuchwepheshe besimanje, obufana nogesi wabathengi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, namandla avuselelekayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlola umthelela wendawo ohlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kozibuthe be-Neodymium.Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, abafundi bazokwazi ukuqonda kangcono inqubo yokukhiqiza amamagnethi e-Neodymium nokubaluleka kwawo kubuchwepheshe besimanje, kanye nemiphumela yemvelo yokukhiqiza nokulahlwa kwabo.

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bakhiwe inhlanganisela ye-neodymium, iron, ne-boron (NdFeB).Lokhu kwakheka kunikeza ozibuthe be-Neodymium izakhiwo zabo ezihlukile kazibuthe, okuhlanganisa amandla azo azibuthe aphezulu nokuzinza.

Okulandelayo ezinye zezakhiwo ezibalulekile zikamabuthe we-Neodymium:

Amandla kazibuthe: Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bawuhlobo lukazibuthe oluqine kakhulu olutholakalayo, olunamandla kazibuthe afinyelela ku-1.6 teslas.

Ukuzinza kazibuthe:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bazinzile kakhulu futhi bagcina izakhiwo zabo kazibuthe ngisho emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma lapho evezwe ezindaweni ezinamandla kazibuthe.

Ukuqina:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bayaphuka futhi bangaqhekeka noma baphuke kalula uma bengaphansi kwengcindezi noma umthelela.

Ukugqwala: Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basengozini yokugqwala futhi badinga ukumbozwa okuyisivikelo ukuze kuvinjwe i-oxidation.

Izindleko: Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zikamazibuthe.

Ukuhlukahluka:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi bangenziwa kalula babe yizimo nosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuze bafanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Ukwakheka okuhlukile kanye nezakhiwo zozibuthe be-Neodymium zibenza bafaneleke kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ugesi wabathengi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, izimboni zezimoto nezasemoyeni, ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, nokuningi.Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha lezi zidonsa ngokuqapha ngenxa yemvelo yazo ephukayo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona uma zimunyile noma zihogelwe.

Inqubo yokwenziwa kozibuthe be-Neodymium ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukucwiliswa kwe-sintering, ukukhanda imishini, nokuhlanganisa.

Okulandelayo ukubuka kabanzi kwesinyathelo ngasinye esihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwezibuthe ze-Neodymium:

Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa: Isinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni yokukhiqiza kazibuthe be-Neodymium ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo kumazibuthe we-Neodymium zifaka i-neodymium, insimbi, i-boron, nezinye izakhi ze-alloying.Lezi zinto zilinganiswa ngokucophelela futhi zixutshwe ngezilinganiso ezifanele ukuze zenze impushana.

I-Sintering: Ngemva kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwe, impushana ihlanganiswa ibe yisimo esifisayo kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa.Umumo ohlangene ube usufakwa esithandweni somlilo bese ushisisa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1000°C.Ngesikhathi sokushisa, izinhlayiya zempushana zihlangana ndawonye ukuze zakhe isisindo esiqinile.Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze kwakheke i-microstructure eminyene futhi efanayo, okudingekayo ukuze uzibuthe ubonise izakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe.

Ukwenza imishini:Ngemva kokucwilisa, uzibuthe uyasuswa esithandweni futhi ulolongelwe usayizi wokugcina oyifunayo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi omshini akhethekile.Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi machining, futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha ukuma kokugcina kukazibuthe, kanye nokufeza ukubekezelelana okunembile nokuqeda phezulu.Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uzibuthe uhlangabezana nokucaciswa okudingekayo futhi unezakhiwo ezifiselekayo kazibuthe.

Ukugqoka:Isinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokukhiqiza kazibuthe be-Neodymium ukumboza.Ozibuthe baboshwe ngongqimba oluyisivikelo ukuvimbela ukugqwala kanye ne-oxidation.Izinketho zokumboza ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala, kufaka phakathi i-nickel, i-zinc, igolide, noma i-epoxy.I-coating iphinde inikeze ukuqeda okubushelelezi futhi ithuthukise ukubukeka kukazibuthe.

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni nabathengi ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezihlukile kazibuthe.

Okulandelayo ezinye zezinhlelo ezivame kakhulu zozibuthe ze-Neodymium:

I-Consumer electronics:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bavame ukusetshenziswa kuma-electronics abathengi, okuhlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-headphone, nezipikha.Zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwalawa madivayisi ngokunikeza inkambu kazibuthe eqinile kanye nokunciphisa usayizi nesisindo sezingxenye.

Imishini yezokwelapha:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basetshenziswa emishinini yezokwelapha, njengemishini ye-MRI namathuluzi ezokwelapha afakelwayo, okuhlanganisa ama-pacemakers nezinsiza-kuzwa.Zinikeza inkambu kazibuthe eqinile futhi zihambisana ne-biocompatible, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezokwelapha.

Izimboni zezimoto nezomkhathi:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basetshenziswa embonini yezimoto neye-aerospace ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amamotho kagesi, amasistimu okuqondisa amandla, namasistimu okubhuleka.Basiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwalezi zinhlelo futhi banciphise isisindo sezingxenye.

Ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium basetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa izinjini zomoya nezimoto zikagesi.Zisetshenziswa kumajeneretha namamotho alezi zinhlelo ukuze zinikeze insimu enamandla kazibuthe futhi zandise ukusebenza kahle kwazo.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium baphinde basetshenziswe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amathoyizi, ubucwebe, nemikhiqizo yokwelapha kazibuthe.