Kuwonetsa Maginito Olimba

 Kodi N’chiyani Chimapatsa Magnet Mphamvu Yake?

Akatswiri aukadaulo akamanena kuti maginito ndi "olimba," nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi nambala imodzi yokhayokha kuchokera pa pepala lofotokozera. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya maginito imachokera ku kuyanjana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni—ndipo ndi kusakaniza kumeneku komwe kumasiyanitsa magwiridwe antchito amalingaliro ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe mungadalire pochita.

Zinthu zingapo zogwirizana zimatsimikiza magwiridwe antchito enieni a maginito:

Choyamba ndi remanence (Br), yomwe imawerengera mphamvu ya maginito yomwe maginito amasunga ikachotsedwa mu mphamvu yake ya maginito. Ganizirani izi ngati "maziko omatira" a maginitowo - mphamvu yoyambira yomwe ili nayo yogwirizira ku zinthu za ferromagnetic nthawi yayitali pambuyo poti njira yoyamba ya maginito yatha. Popanda remanence yokwanira, ngakhale maginito yopangidwira mphamvu imavutika kuti ikhalebe yogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mukasonkhanitsa maginito onse okhazikika omwe alipo masiku ano, mitundu ya neodymium nthawi zonse imakhala yopambana kuposa mitundu yachikhalidwe monga ferrite ndi alnico pamiyeso yonseyi.

Sayansi Yomwe Imayambitsa Kupambana kwa Neodymium?

Kuyambira pomwe maginito a neodymium adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1980, asintha kwambiri kuthekera kwa mapangidwe komwe malo ndi ochepa koma mphamvu ya maginito singasokonezedwe. Mphamvu zawo zapadera zimachokera mkati mwa kapangidwe kawo ka atomu:

Kapangidwe ka makristalo a tetragonal mu NdFeB kamapanga zomwe asayansi amatcha magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti kapangidwe ka maginito amkati kamakonzedwa mwachilengedwe motsatira njira yomwe amafunidwa, ndikupanga mphamvu yayikulu yamunda.

Maginito amenewa amabweretsa mphamvu yowonjezereka komanso mphamvu yowonjezereka, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kupirira mphamvu zamaginito zolimba pamene akupirira kupsinjika kwa demagnetization. Kugwira ntchito bwino kumeneku kumawoneka kothandiza makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komwe nthawi zambiri zinthu sizimakhala bwino.

Maginito a neodymium amaposa kwambiri mpikisano wa samarium-cobalt, alnico, ndi ferrite. Kukanikiza kwamphamvu kumeneku kumalola magulu opanga mainjiniya kupanga njira zochepetsera mphamvu komanso zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

Chifukwa Chake Maonekedwe Ozungulira Amagwira Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri？

Maginito a rectangular neodymiumZakhala ngati zokondedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana komwe magwiridwe antchito abwino ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino. Mawonekedwe awo ofanana ndi mabuloko amapereka maubwino angapo ofunikira:

Malo osalala kwambiri amakhudza kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa ndi ferromagnetic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri kuposa momwe mawonekedwe opindika kapena osakhazikika nthawi zambiri amakhalira.

Mizere yoyera ndi ngodya zakuthwa zimathandiza kuti zinthu zigwirizane bwino ndi zida zamafakitale komanso zinthu zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyika ndi kulumikiza zinthuzo.

Msikawu umapereka maginito a rectangular neodymium mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magwiridwe antchito (nthawi zambiri N35 mpaka N52) pamodzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira (monga nickel, zinc, ndi epoxy) kuti agwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito.

Njira Zopangira Zafotokozedwa

Opanga nthawi zambiri amapanga maginito a neodymium kudzera m'njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino:

Njira yoyeretsera imayamba mwa kusungunula zinthu zosaphika, kuzisintha kukhala ufa wosalala, kuziphatikizana ndi maginito, kenako kuzipukuta ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito molondola. Njirayi imakwaniritsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya maginito koma imafuna kuwongolera mwamphamvu kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa chilengedwe chonse.

Kupanga maginito ogwirizana kumaphatikiza tinthu ta maginito ndi zomangira za pulasitiki musanapange. Maginito otulutsa, ngakhale kuti ndi ofooka komanso osinthika bwino, nthawi zambiri amasonyeza mphamvu yotsika ya maginito poyerekeza ndi mitundu yopangidwa ndi sintered.

Pa maginito a rectangular neodymium, opanga mafakitale amakonda kwambiri njira zoyeretsera chifukwa njira imeneyi imasunga miyeso yeniyeni pomwe ikutsimikizira zotsatira zabwino kwambiri - ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Ngakhale mapepala ofotokozera amapereka malangizo othandiza, malo enieni okhazikitsa amapereka zosintha zina:

Maginito a neodymium achikhalidwe amayamba kuwonongeka kosatha kutentha kukapitirira 80°C. Pa malo otentha, opanga amapanga mitundu yapadera yomwe imaphatikizapo zowonjezera za dysprosium kapena terbium.

Maginito opanda kanthu a NdFeB amakhalabe pachiwopsezo cha dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri. Malo oteteza amasinthasintha kuchoka pa zinthu zina kupita ku zinthu zofunika, makamaka pamalo onyowa kapena okhala ndi mankhwala.

Ngakhale kuti maginito awo ndi amphamvu kwambiri, maginito a neodymium amaoneka ofooka kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito mosasamala kapena kugwedezeka panthawi yokhazikitsa kungayambitse kusweka kapena kusweka, zomwe zimafuna njira zokhazikitsira mwadala.

Madera Ovomerezeka Ogwiritsira Ntchito

Kugwirizana kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu ya maginito komanso kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito bwino malo kumapangitsa maginito a rectangular neodymium kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Makampani amagetsi amawaika m'masipika, zida zosungiramo zinthu, ndi masensa komwe malo ndi ochepa.

Makina odzipangira okha m'fakitale amawapanga kukhala zida zolekanitsa, zida zogwiritsira ntchito molondola, ndi zigawo zotsatirira malo.

Akatswiri a magalimoto amawasankha kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, magetsi amagetsi, komanso pozindikira magalimoto.

Mapulojekiti amphamvu a mphepo amawagwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa majenereta omwe amafunikira kudalirika ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

Opanga zida zamankhwala amawaphatikiza mu makina ojambula zithunzi ndi zida zapadera zogwirira ntchito.

Njira Zosankhira Mwanzeru

Kusankha maginito abwino kumafuna zinthu zingapo:

Ngakhale kuti maginito apamwamba amapereka mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kufooka kwakukulu. Nthawi zina kusankha maginito akuluakulu komanso otsika mtengo kumabweretsa moyo wautali komanso ndalama zambiri.

Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kusankha njira yophikira. Opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kuwunika momwe zinthu zingakhudzire chinyezi, zinthu zowononga, komanso kuvulala kwa thupi akamasankha zotetezera.

Gwirizanani ndi opanga omwe amapereka zitsanzo zenizeni, kupereka zitsanzo zonse, ndikugawana chidziwitso chaukadaulo kuti akonze mapangidwe kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti akhale otetezeka.

Machitidwe Ofunika Otetezera

Mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya maginito awa imabweretsa zofunikira zina zogwirira ntchito:

Kukopa kwawo kwakukulu kungayambitse mabala aakulu kapena kupanga zidutswa za zipolopolo ngati maginito agundana panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sungani maginito amphamvu kutali ndi zamagetsi, zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zaikidwa, ndi malo osungira maginito kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kapena kusokonezeka.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera zoyenera nthawi zonse - makamaka magalasi a maso osagwedezeka ndi magolovesi a mafakitale - mukayika kapena kuyang'anira maginito awa.

Muyeso Weniweni wa Mphamvu ya Maginito

"Maginito amphamvu" enieni amapereka zambiri kuposa manambala okongola a labotale - amapereka magwiridwe antchito odalirika pazochitika zenizeni zogwirira ntchito. Maginito a rectangular neodymium apeza udindo wawo woyenera ngati zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yayikulu ya maginito, kuchuluka kochepa, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe kake. Mwa kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu zawo, zoletsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, akatswiri aukadaulo ndi ogulitsa amatha kufikira mfundo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimathandizira kudalirika kwa zinthu komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Pa ntchito zapadera zamaginito - makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito a rectangular neodymium - kupanga ubale wogwirizana ndi opereka maginito odziwa bwino ntchito nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo komanso phindu la polojekiti.