Zenziwa njani iimagnethi ze-neodymium?

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium, ekwaziwa ngokuba ziimagnethi zeNdFeB, luhlobo lwemagnethi yomhlaba ongaqhelekanga enamandla amakhulu emagnethi phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zeemagnethi. Ezifanaidiski,ibhloko,indandatho,isinki esingaphantsi komhlabanjalo njalo iimagnethi. Zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino kunye nabathengi ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimagnethi zeNeodymium iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, kuquka ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukucocwa, ukwenziwa kwemishini, kunye nokugqunywa. Kweli nqaku, thina njengeumzi-mveliso wemagnethi we-neodymiumiza kubonelela ngenkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngenkqubo yokwenziwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium, sixoxa ngenyathelo ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha. Ukongeza, siza kuhlola iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi magnethi, kuquka ukubaluleka kwazo kubuchwepheshe banamhlanje, njengezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, izixhobo zonyango, kunye namandla avuselelekayo. Ngaphezu koko, siza kuhlola impembelelo yokusingqongileyo enxulumene nokuveliswa kunye nokulahlwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium. Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, abafundi baya kuba nokuqonda okungcono kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kubuchwepheshe banamhlanje, kunye nemiphumo yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa kunye nokulahlwa kwazo.

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zenziwe ngomxube we-neodymium, i-iron, kunye ne-boron (NdFeB). Olu lwakhiwo lunika iimagnethi zeNeodymium iipropati zazo ezikhethekileyo zemagnethi, kubandakanya amandla azo aphezulu emagnethi kunye nozinzo.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zeemagnethi zeNeodymium:

Amandla emagnethi: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zezona ntlobo zinamandla zemagnethi ezikhoyo, zinamandla emagnethi afikelela kwi-1.6 teslas.

Uzinzo lweMagnetic:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zizinzile kakhulu kwaye zigcina iipropati zazo zemagnethi nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu okanye xa zibekwe kwindawo enamandla yemagnethi.

Ubukhazikhazi:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zibuthathaka kwaye zinokuqhekeka okanye ziqhekeke lula ukuba ziphantsi koxinzelelo okanye ukungqubana.

Ukugqwala: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisengozini yokubola kwaye zifuna ukhuselo lokukhusela ukuthintela i-oxidation.

Ixabiso: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zibiza kancinci xa zithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeemagnethi.

Ukuguquguquka:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinokulungiswa ngokulula kwiimo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa okuthile.

Ukwakheka kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo zeemagnethi zeNeodymium zenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, izixhobo zonyango, amashishini eemoto kunye neendiza, ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, nokunye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuphatha ezi magnethi ngononophelo ngenxa yobume bazo bokuqhekeka kunye neengozi ezinokubakho ukuba zityiwe okanye ziphefunyulwe.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimagnethi zeNeodymium ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, kuquka ukulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada, ukucocwa, ukucutshungulwa, kunye nokugqunywa.

Oku kulandelayo sisishwankathelo esineenkcukacha senyathelo ngalinye elibandakanyekayo ekuvelisweni kweemagnethi zeNeodymium:

Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezingasetyenzwanga: Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium kukulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada. Izinto ezifunekayo kwiimagnethi zeNeodymium ziquka i-neodymium, i-iron, i-boron, kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo. Ezi zinto zilinganiswa ngononophelo kwaye zidityaniswe ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo ukuze zenze umgubo.

Ukucocwa kwe-Sintering: Emva kokuba izinto eziluhlaza zixutyiwe, umgubo uhlanganiswa ube yimo efunekayo kusetyenziswa i-press. Umzimba odibeneyo emva koko ufakwa kwisithando sokutshisa kwaye ufudunyezwe kubushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwe-1000°C. Ngexesha lokutshisa, amasuntswana omgubo ayadibana ukuze enze ubunzima obuqinileyo. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ukuze kwenziwe isakhiwo esincinci nesilinganayo, esifunekayo ukuze imagnethi ibonise iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zemagnethi.

Umatshini:Emva kokusila, imagnethi iyasuswa kwisithando somlilo ize ibunjwe ibe bukhulu obufunekayo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizodwa zoomatshini. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-machining, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza imo yokugqibela yemagnethi, kunye nokufezekisa ukunyamezelana okuchanekileyo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imagnethi iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo kwaye ineempawu zemagnethi ezifunekayo.

Ukwaleka:Inyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium kukugquma. Iimagnethi zigquma ngomaleko okhuselayo ukuthintela ukugqwala kunye nokubola. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugquma, kubandakanya i-nickel, i-zinc, igolide, okanye i-epoxy. Ukugquma kukwabonelela ngomphezulu ogudileyo kwaye kuphucula ukubonakala kwemagnethi.

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino kunye nabathengi ngenxa yeempawu zazo zemagnethi ezikhethekileyo.

Nazi ezinye zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium:

Izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-elektroniki zabathengi, kuquka iifowuni eziphathwayo, iilaptops, ii-headphones, kunye nezithethi. Zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi zixhobo ngokubonelela nge-magnetic field enamandla kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu kunye nobunzima bezixhobo.

Izixhobo zonyango:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango, ezifana noomatshini beMRI kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezinokufakelwa, kubandakanya ii-pacemakers kunye nezixhobo zokuva. Zibonelela ngamandla emagnethi aqinileyo kwaye ziyahambelana ne-bio, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango.

Amashishini eemoto kunye neendiza:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kumashishini eemoto kunye neendiza kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iimoto zombane, iinkqubo zokulawula amandla, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhobosha. Zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwezi nkqubo kwaye zinciphise ubunzima bezixhobo.

Iitekhnoloji zamandla avuselelekayo:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, kuquka iiturbine zomoya kunye nezithuthi zombane. Zisetyenziswa kwiijenereyitha kunye neenjini zezi nkqubo ukubonelela ngamandla emagnethi aqinileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Ezinye izicelo:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zikwasetyenziswa nakwezinye iintlobo zezicelo, kuquka amathoyizi, ubucwebe, kunye neemveliso zonyango lwemagnethi.