Imagnethi ye-Neodymium kanye nemagnethi ye-Hematite yizinto ezimbili ezivamile zemagnethi, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yazo. Imagnethi ye-Neodymium ingeyamagnethi ye-Rare-earth, eyakhiwa yi-neodymium, insimbi, i-boron nezinye izinto. Inemagnethi enamandla, ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-Coercivity kanye nokugqwala, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinjinini, kujeneretha, emishinini ye-acoustic nakwamanye amasimu. Imagnethi ye-Hematite uhlobo lwezinto zemagnethi zohlobo lwe-ore, ezenziwe kakhulu nge-hematite equkethe i-iron ore. Inezakhiwo zemagnethi ezimaphakathi kanye nezokulwa nokugqwala, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zemagnethi zendabuko, imishini yokugcina idatha kanye neminye amasimu.Kulesi sihloko, izici kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium magnet kanye ne-Hematite magnet kuzoxoxwa ngokujulile, futhi umehluko wazo uzoqhathaniswa.

Ⅰ. Izici kanye Nokusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium magnet:

A. Izici ze-Neodymium magnet:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:Imagnethi ye-Neodymium iqukethe i-neodymium (Nd), insimbi (Fe) nezinye izakhi. Okuqukethwe kwe-neodymium kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-24% no-34%, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwensimbi kubalwa iningi. Ngaphezu kwe-neodymium nensimbi, imagnethi ye-Neodymium ingase futhi iqukathe ezinye izakhi, njenge-boron (B) nezinye izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo zamagnetic.

Amandla kazibuthe:I-Neodymium magnet ingenye yama-magnet avamile aqinile kakhulu aziwayo njengamanje. Ine-magnetization ephezulu kakhulu, engafinyelela ezingeni amanye ama-magnet angenakulifinyelela. Lokhu kuyinika izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-magnetic futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga i-magnetization ephezulu.

Ukuphoqelela:Imagnethi ye-Neodymium ine-Coercivity ephezulu, okusho ukuthi inokumelana okunamandla kwensimu yamagnetic kanye nokumelana nokunqunywa. Ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, imagnethi ye-Neodymium ingagcina isimo sayo sokuziba futhi ayithinteki kalula yinsimu yamagnetic yangaphandle.

Ukumelana nokugqwala:Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-Neodymium magnet ngokuvamile kubi, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwendawo, njengokufaka i-electroplating noma ukwelashwa ngokushisa, kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-Neodymium magnet ayithambekeli ekugqwaleni nasekufakweni kwe-oxidation lapho isetshenziswa.

B. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Neodymium magnet:

Injini kanye nejenereyitha: I-Neodymium magnet isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-motor kanye ne-generator ngenxa yokuthi inamandla amakhulu okuzibamba kanye ne-Coercivity. I-Neodymium magnet inganikeza insimu enamandla yokuzibamba, ukuze ama-motor kanye nama-generator abe nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Imishini ye-Acoustic: I-Neodymium magnet isetshenziswa nasemishinini ye-acoustic, njengezipikha nama-headphone. Insimu yayo enamandla yamagnetic ingakhiqiza umsindo ophumayo ophezulu kanye nemiphumela engcono yekhwalithi yomsindo. Imishini yezokwelapha: I-Neodymium magnet isetshenziswa kabanzi nasemishinini yezokwelapha. Isibonelo, emishinini ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), i-Neodymium magnet ingakhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ezinzile futhi inikeze izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Imboni yezindiza: Embonini yezindiza, i-Neodymium magnet isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uhlelo lokuzulazula nokulawula izindiza, njenge-gyroscope kanye negiya lokuqondisa. Ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kokudonsa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu.

Ekuphetheni, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okukhethekile kwamakhemikhali kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu,Amamagnethi omhlaba angavamile i-neodymiumidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene yokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi emishinini kagesi, imishini ye-acoustic, imishini yezokwelapha kanye nemboni yezindiza. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuphila kwayoAmamagnethi akhethekile anesimo se-Neodymium, lawula ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokulwa nokugqwala.

Ⅱ. Isici kanye Nokusetshenziswa kwe-Hematite magnet:

A. Isici semagnethi yeHematite:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:Imagnethi ye-Hematite yakhiwe kakhulu nge-iron ore, equkethe i-iron oxide nokunye ukungcola. Ukwakheka kwayo okuyinhloko kwamakhemikhali yi-Fe3O4, okuyi-iron oxide.

Amandla kazibuthe: Imagnethi yeHematite inobuthi obuphakathi nendawo futhi ingeyezinto ezibuthakathaka ezibuthi. Uma kukhona insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle, omamagnethi beHematite bazokhiqiza ubuthi futhi bangadonsela ezinye izinto ezibuthi.

Ukuphoqelela: Imagnethi yeHematite ine-Coercivity ephansi kakhulu, okungukuthi, idinga insimu encane yamagnetic yangaphandle ukuze ifake imagnethi. Lokhu kwenza amamagnethi eHematite aguquguquke futhi kube lula ukuwasebenzisa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukumelana nokugqwala: Imagnethi ye-Hematite izinzile endaweni eyomile, kodwa ivame ukugqwala endaweni emanzi noma enomswakama. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, omamagnethi be-Hematite badinga ukwelashwa noma ukumbozwa kwendawo ukuze bathuthukise ukumelana kwabo nokugqwala.

B. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagnethi e-Hematite

Izinto zendabuko ezisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe: Amamagnethi e-Hematite avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zendabuko ezisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe, njengezinkinobho zesiqandisi, izitika ezisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla kazibuthe aphakathi nendawo kanye ne-Coercivity ephansi, amamagnethi e-Hematite kulula ukuwafaka ebusweni bensimbi noma ezinye izinto ezisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe, futhi angasetshenziswa ukulungisa izinto, izinto zezicubu kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Imishini yokugcina idatha:Imagnethi yeHematite nayo inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile emishinini yokugcina idatha. Isibonelo, kuma-hard disk drive, amamagnethi eHematite asetshenziselwa ukwenza izendlalelo zamagnetic ebusweni bediski ukuze kugcinwe idatha.

Imishini yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha: Ama-Hematite magnets asetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini yokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha, njengezinhlelo ze-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). I-Hematite magnet ingasetshenziswa njengomkhiqizi wensimu yamagnetic ohlelweni lwe-MRI ukukhiqiza nokulawula insimu yamagnetic, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuthwebula izithombe zezicubu zomuntu.

Isiphetho: Imagnethi ye-Hematite inobuthi obuphakathi nendawo, i-Coercivity ephansi kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuthile. Inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezivamile ze-magnetic, amadivayisi okugcina idatha, kanye nezithombe zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kobuthi bayo nokusebenza kwayo, omamagnethi be-Hematite abafaneleki kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ubuthi obuphezulu kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.

Kukhona umehluko osobala phakathi kwe-Neodymium magnet kanye ne-Hematite magnet ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ze-magnetic kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa.I-Neodymium magnet yakhiwe yi-neodymium nensimbi, enobunengi obuqinile kanye ne-Coercivity ephezulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana namadivayisi okushayela amagnetic, omaginethi, amabhakede amagnetic, kanye nama-motor asebenza kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Neodymium magnet ingakhiqiza insimu enamandla yamagnetic, ingaguqula amandla kagesi kanye namandla, inikeze insimu yamagnetic esebenza kahle, futhi ithuthukise amandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenjini.Imagnethi ye-Hematite yakhiwe kakhulu nge-iron ore, kanti ingxenye eyinhloko yi-Fe3O4. Inemagnethi elinganiselayo kanye ne-Coercivity ephansi. Amamagnethi e-Hematite asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezivamile ze-magnetic kanye neminye imishini yezithombe zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamamagnethi e-Hematite kuphansi kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa noma ukumbozwa kwendawo kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala.

Ngamafuphi, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-Neodymium magnet kanye ne-Hematite magnet ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ze-magnetic kanye nezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza. I-Neodymium magnet isebenza ezinkambeni ezidinga insimu enamandla ye-magnetic kanye ne-Coercivity ephezulu, kanti i-Hematite magnet isebenza ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ze-magnetic zendabuko kanye neminye imishini yezithombe zezokwelapha. Uma udinga ukuthengaomaginethi endebe ye-neodymium ekhanyiswe nge-countersunk, sicela uxhumane nathi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ifektri yethu ineziningiomaginethi be-neodymium abathengiswayo.