Indlela yokulahla iimagnethi ze-neodymium？

Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngokulungiswa, ukucutshungulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Njengesixhobo esinexabiso elibalulekileyo lokusetyenziswa,iimagnethi ze-neodymiumzisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-elektroniki, kwiimoto, kwiisensa zemagnethi nakwezinye iindawo. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zitsale ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezintle zemagnethi, uzinzo oluhle lobushushu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqala sibonise isishwankathelo esisisiseko seemagnethi zeNeodymium, kubandakanya iimpawu zazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Emva koko, siza kuxoxa nzulu ngenkqubo yokulungiselela iimagnethi zeNeodymium, kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, indlela ye-powder metallurgy kunye nendlela ye-metal plating, njl. Ukongeza, siza kuxoxa ngokucubungula kunye noyilo lwemilo yeemagnethi zeNeodymium, kunye nonyango kunye nokukhuselwa komphezulu. Okokugqibela, siza kwazisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweemagnethi zeNeodymium, kwaye sijonge phambili kuphuhliso lwazo lwexesha elizayo. Ngokufunda eli nqaku, ndinethemba lokubonelela abafundi ngesikhokelo sokuqonda okunzulu ngolwazi olusisiseko kunye nokusetyenziswa okunxulumene neemagnethi zeNeodymium.

1.1 Usetyenziso kunye nokubaluleka kweeNeodymium Magnets

Kule mihla, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zikhula ngokukhawuleza nangokusetyenziswa kakhulu. Kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha iimagnethi zesinyithi ezicocekileyo zemveli, iimagnethi ze-alnico kunye ne-samarium cobalt kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana neemoto zombane, izixhobo kunye neemitha, ishishini leemoto, ishishini le-petrochemical kunye neemveliso zonyango lwe-magnetic. Ingavelisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo: ezinje ngeemagnethi zediski, iimagnethi zeringi, iimagnethi eziziingxande, iimagnethi ze-arc kunye nezinye iimilo zeemagnethi.

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zifumaneka kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki zemihla ngemihla, ezifana nee-hard drive, iifowuni eziphathwayo, ii-earphone, njl. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zidlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo le-audio yobungcali. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula bemagnethi yeNeodymium, i-magnetic flux inkulu. Ke ngoko, ifanelekile kakhulu ekuqiniseni isandi kwizigaba zokusebenza zobungcali kunye neenkundla ezinkulu. Phakathi kweempawu zayo ezininzi ze-audio zobungcali, i-TM brand professional audio iphuhlise iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-neodymium magnetic ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu leemvavanyo, kwaye yaphucula iyunithi ye-audio yesiqhelo yomgca ukuze iphuhlise i-LA-102F, enamandla aphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esincinci. , Isithethi sentsebenzo ye-neodymium magnetic unit ekhanyayo.

Iimagnethi ziye zaba sisithako esibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Iimagnethi ziza ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye namanqanaba amandla. Oku kunokuba yinto edidayo xa ukhetha amandla eemagnethi ozifunayo kwiprojekthi yakho. Phakathi kweemagnethi ezikhoyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zifumene ingqalelo eninzi, kwaye abantu abaninzi ngakumbi baye baqonda ukubaluleka kweemagnethi ze-neodymium ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo.

I-Neodymium ngokusisiseko yintsimbi yomhlaba enqabileyo esebenza njengemagnethi enamandla. Zithathwa njengezona zinamandla xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho wazo. Kwanemagnethi encinci ye-neodymium inamandla okuxhasa ubunzima bayo obuphindwe kaliwaka. I-Neodymium ifikeleleka ngokupheleleyo nakwiimagnethi ezinamandla. Ezi zizathu zonyuse ukuthandwa kwale magnethi, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

ITshayina okwangoku yeyona nkampani ithumela iNdFeB kumazwe angaphandle kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Zihlangabezana malunga ne-80% yeemfuno zehlabathi. Ukusukela oko yafunyanwa ngeminyaka yoo-1970, imfuno yayo ikhule kakhulu. Zikwaziwa njengeemagnethi ze-NIB, kwibakala lemagnethi, ibakala lazo lemagnethi liphakathi kwe-N35 ukuya kwi-N54. Amandla emagnethi alungiswa ngumvelisi ngokweemfuno zakhe. (Cofa apha ukuze ufumane imiyalelo yokulinganisa umazibuthe)

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zichaphazeleka kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu kwaye zinokulahlekelwa bubushushu xa kushushu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimagnethi zeNeodymium ezikhethekileyo zinokufumaneka kwihlabathi langoku, ezinokusebenza kakuhle xa kushushu kakhulu. Ubunzima obuphantsi bezi magnethi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimagnethi buyamangalisa amashishini azisebenzisayo.

1.2 Isishwankathelo esisisiseko seemagnethi ze-neodymium

A. I-Neodymium magnet yimagnethi ehlala ingaqhelekanga yomhlaba eyenziwe yi-neodymium, isinyithi kunye ne-boron. Inefomyula yekhemikhali i-Nd2Fe14B kwaye yenye yezona zixhobo zemagnethi zinamandla ezithengiswayo.

B. Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zineempawu kunye neempawu ezilandelayo:

Iimpawu zemagnethi: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinamandla amakhulu emagnethi kunye namandla okunyanzela, nto leyo ebenza bakwazi ukuvelisa amasimi emagnethi anamandla kakhulu. Yenye yezona zinto zinamandla zemagnethi ezihlala zisebenza ngoku.

Uzinzo lobushushu: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwaye zihlala zisebenza ngokuzinzileyo kuluhlu lweCelsius. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zayo zemagnethi ziyancipha kancinci kancinci xa ubushushu budlula ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza.

Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ngenxa yento yesinyithi ekwimagnethi ye-neodymium, iyagqwala kwioksijini namanzi. Ke ngoko, ugqubuthelo lomphezulu okanye ezinye iindlela zokukhusela zihlala zifuneka kwiindlela ezisebenzayo.

2.1 Inkqubo yokulungiselela i-neodymium magnet

A. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezikrwada: Izinto ezikrwada ezifana neodymium, isinyithi kunye neboron zilungiswa ngomlinganiselo othile, kwaye kwenziwa unyango olucokisekileyo lwezakhi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.

1. Ukunyibilikisa umgubo: Yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokulungiselela iimagnethi ze-neodymium.

2. Ukulungiswa komgubo: Xuba iipowder zezinto ezikrwada ngomlinganiselo othile, uze uvelise iipowder zezinto ezijoliswe kuzo ngokusebenzisa ii-chemical reactions okanye iindlela zomzimba.

3. Ukudibanisa: Faka umgubo kwisithando sobushushu obuphezulu, uze wenze i-alloying reaction phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu kunye nomoya ukuze ube yi-alloy enomxube ofanayo. Ukucindezela: Umgubo we-alloy ufakwa kwi-mold uze ucinezelwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuze wenze i-magnet enesimo kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo.

4. Ukusila: faka imagnethi ecinezelweyo kwisithando sokusila, uze usila phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu kunye nomoya ukuze uqine kwaye ufumane iimpawu zemagnethi ezifunekayo.

Indlela yokugquma ngesinyithi: Umphezulu wezinto zemagnethi ze-neodymium uhlala kufuneka ugqunywe ukuze wonyuse ukumelana nokugqwala kwaye uphucule inkangeleko.

D. Ezinye iindlela zokulungiselela: Ukongeza kwi-powder metallurgy kunye ne-metal plating, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokulungiselela iimagnethi ze-neodymium, ezinje ngokutshiza isisombululo, ukunyibilika njalo njalo.

2.3 Ukucwangciswa kunye noYilo lweeMilo zeeNeodymium Magnets

A. Iteknoloji yokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuqhekeka, ngoko ke kufuneka iiteknoloji ezikhethekileyo zokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo kwinkqubo yokucubungula, njengokusika ucingo, i-EDM, njl.njl.

B. Ukusetyenziswa kunye noYilo lweeNeodymium Magnets kwiiMilo ezahlukeneyo:Ijikelezileyo, Isikwerekunye neeBar Neodymium Magnets: Ezi mpawu zeeNeodymium magnets zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo leenzwa, iimoto, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.Iimagnethi ze-neodymium ezimile ngendlela ekhethekileyo: Ngokweemfuno ezithile zesicelo kunye neemfuno zoyilo, iimagnethi ezahlukeneyo ze-neodymium ezinemilo ekhethekileyo zinokuyilwa kwaye zenziwe. Ukusetyenziswa okuhlanganisiweyo kunye nokudibeneyo kweemagnethi ze-neodymium: Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium zinokudityaniswa nezinye izinto, ezifana nokugqunywa kwiintsimbi zentsimbi, kunye nezinye iimagnethi, njl.njl. h- Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium ezimelana nobushushu

3. Unyango kunye nokukhuselwa komphezulu weemagnethi ze-neodymium

A. Ukwaleka komphezulu: Iingubo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ukugqunywa kwe-nickel, ukugalela i-galvanizing, ipeyinti yokutshiza, njl.njl. ukuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nomgangatho wembonakalo yeemagnethi ze-neodymium.

B. Unyango lokulwa nomhlwa kunye nokulwa nokugqwala: Umphezulu wemagnethi ye-neodymium kufuneka ulwelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukulwa nomhlwa kunye nokulwa nokugqwala ukuze wandise ubomi bawo benkonzo.

C. Ukufakwa kwee-capsule kunye nokupakishwa: Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zihlala zifuna ukufakwa kwii-capsule okanye zipakishwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza kwe-magnetic kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle.

4. Ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium

1. Imisebenzi kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa: Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-elektroniki, iimoto, izinzwa zemagnethi, i-aerospace kunye nezinye iindawo, zibonelela ngeempawu ezintle zemagnethi kwezi shishini. (Ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga kubanzi kakhulu, cofa apha ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malungaukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwemagnethi okungaqhelekanga okunemilo ekhethekileyoinkonzo.）
2. Amanyathelo okusebenzisa: Xa usebenzisa iimagnethi ze-neodymium, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela ubulukhuni bayo kunye neempawu zayo ezinamandla zemagnethi, kwaye uphephe izinto ezinokuyonakalisa, ezinje ngokungqubana, ukungcangcazela kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
3. Iindlela zokugcina nokugcina ixesha elide: Ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide, iimagnethi ze-neodymium kufuneka zigcinwe kude namanzi kunye neendawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Kwiimagnethi ze-neodymium ezisetyenziswayo, zinokucocwa kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo.

Ukuququmbela:

Ngokusebenzisa isishwankathelo sale nqaku, sinokuqonda amanqaku aphambili okulungiselela, ukucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium.

B. Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweemagnethi ze-neodymium, iindlela ezintsha zokulungiselela kunye neendlela zonyango lomphezulu zinokujongwa ngakumbi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye noluhlu lwezicelo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ezisakhulayo.