Indlela omaginethi be-neodymium abakhiwa ngayo

Sizochaza ukuthi kanjaniOmaginethi be-NdFeBZenziwe ngencazelo elula. I-neodymium magnet iyi-magnet ehlala njalo eyenziwe nge-alloy ye-neodymium, insimbi, ne-boron ukwakha isakhiwo se-Nd2Fe14B tetragonal crystalline. Ama-magnet e-neodymium acwebezelayo enziwa ngokufudumeza izinhlayiya zensimbi ezingavamile njengezinto zokusetshenziswa esithandweni. Ngemva kokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa, sizothatha izinyathelo ezingu-9 zokwenza ama-magnet e-NdFeB futhi ekugcineni sikhiqize imikhiqizo eqediwe.

Lungisa izinto zokusabela, ukuncibilikisa, ukugaya, ukucindezela, ukuthulula, ukwenza imishini, ukuhlanganisa, ukwenza i-magnetization kanye nokuhlola.

Lungisa izinto zokusabela

Uhlobo lwekhemikhali oluhlanganisiwe lwe-neodymium magnet yi-Nd2Fe14B.

Amamagnethi avame ukuba ne-Nd kanye ne-B ecebile, kanti amamagnethi aqediwe avame ukuqukatha izindawo ezingezona ezikagesi ze-Nd kanye ne-B ezinhlamvini, eziqukethe okusanhlamvu okunamandla kakhulu kwe-Nd2Fe14B. . Ezinye izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zingangezwa ukuze zithathe indawo ye-neodymium ngokwengxenye: i-dysprosium, i-terbium, i-gadolinium, i-holmium, i-lanthanum, kanye ne-cerium. Ithusi, i-cobalt, i-aluminium, i-gallium kanye ne-niobium kungangezwa ukuthuthukisa ezinye izakhiwo zikagesi. Kuvamile ukusebenzisa kokubili i-Co kanye ne-Dy ndawonye. Zonke izakhi zokwakha ogesi bebanga elikhethiwe zifakwa esithandweni sokungenisa i-vacuum, zishiswe futhi zincibilikiswe ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ze-alloy.

Ukuncibilika

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zidinga ukuncibilikiswa esithandweni sokungenisa i-vacuum ukuze kwakhiwe i-Nd2Fe14B alloy. Umkhiqizo ushiswa ngokudala i-vortex, yonke ngaphansi kwe-vacuum ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ekusabeleni. Umkhiqizo wokugcina walesi sinyathelo ishidi elincane leribhoni (ishidi le-SC) elakhiwe ngamakristalu e-Nd2Fe14B afanayo. Inqubo yokuncibilikisa idinga ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa ngokweqile kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile.

Ukugaya

Inqubo yokugaya enezinyathelo ezimbili isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Isinyathelo sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma kwe-hydrogen, sihilela ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen ne-neodymium ne-alloy, kuphula ama-SC flakes abe yizinhlayiya ezincane. Isinyathelo sesibili, esibizwa ngokuthi i-jet milling, siphendula izinhlayiya ze-Nd2Fe14B zibe yizinhlayiya ezincane, ezisukela ku-2-5μm ububanzi. Ukugaya i-jet kunciphisa izinto eziphumayo zibe yimpuphu enobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya obumaphakathi bungama-microns amathathu.

Ukucindezela

Impuphu ye-NdFeB icindezelwa ibe yinto eqinile ngesimo esifunwayo ensimini enamandla kazibuthe. Into eqinile ecindezelwe izothola futhi igcine ukuqondiswa okuthandwayo kokwenza umazibuthe. Endleleni ebizwa ngokuthi i-die-upsetting, impuphu icindezelwa ibe yinto eqinile ku-die cishe ku-725°C. Into eqinile ibe isifakwa ku-mold yesibili, lapho icindezelwa khona ibe yisimo esibanzi, cishe ingxenye yokuphakama kwayo kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu kwenza indlela yokwenza umazibuthe ethandwayo ihambisane nesiqondiso sokukhipha. Kwezimo ezithile, kunezindlela ezifaka ama-clamp akhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ngesikhathi sokucindezela ukuze kuhambisane izinhlayiya.

Ukuhlanza

Izinto eziqinile ze-NdFeB ezicindezelwe zidinga ukushiswa ukuze zakhe amabhlogo e-NdFeB. Izinto zicindezelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-1080°C) ngaphansi kwephuzu lokuncibilika kwezinto kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya zazo zinamathelana. Inqubo yokushiswa iqukethe izinyathelo ezintathu: ukuncishiswa komoya, ukushiswa kanye nokushisa.

Umshini

Omaginethi acwebezelayo anqunywa abe yizimo nosayizi ofiselekayo kusetshenziswa inqubo yokugaya. Okungavamile, izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibizwa ngokuthi izimo ezingavamile zikhiqizwa yi-electrical discharge machining (EDM). Ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezinto, ukulahleka kwezinto ngenxa yomshini wokugaya kugcinwa kuncane kakhulu. I-Huizhou Fullzen Technology inhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni omaginethi abangavamile.

Ukugoqa/Ukumboza

I-NdFeB engagqokwanga igqwala kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okuzibutha ngokushesha uma imanzi. Ngakho-ke, wonke amamagnethi e-neodymium atholakala emakethe adinga ukugqokwa. Amamagnethi ngamanye ambozwe ngezendlalelo ezintathu: i-nickel, ithusi kanye ne-nickel. Ukuze uthole izinhlobo eziningi zokugqokwa, sicela uchofoze okuthi “Xhumana Nathi”.

Ukwenziwa kwemagnethi

Imagnethi ifakwa endaweni eveza imagnethi ensimini enamandla kakhulu yamagnetic isikhathi esifushane. Ngokuyisisekelo iyi-coil enkulu egoqwe kumagnethi. Amadivayisi asebenzisa i-magnethi asebenzisa amabhange e-capacitor kanye nama-voltage aphezulu kakhulu ukuthola ugesi onamandla kangaka ngesikhathi esifushane.

Ukuhlolwa

Hlola ikhwalithi yamagnethi avelayo ukuze uthole izici ezahlukahlukene. Iphrojektha yokulinganisa yedijithali iqinisekisa ubukhulu. Izinhlelo zokulinganisa ubukhulu bokumboza ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-X-ray fluorescence ziqinisekisa ubukhulu bezingubo. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile ekuhlolweni kwe-salt spray kanye ne-pressure cooker nakho kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwengubo. Imephu ye-hysteresis ilinganisa ijika le-BH lamagnethi, iqinisekisa ukuthi agcwele umagnethi, njengoba kulindeleke ekilasini lemagnethi.

Ekugcineni sithole umkhiqizo ofanele kakhulu wemagnethi.